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Science 2 Term 1 > _Immune system > Flashcards

_Immune system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the immune system protect our body from?

A

foreign invaders such as harmful bacteria and viruses (pathogens)

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2
Q

what is the first line of defence in our bodies?

A

our skin

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3
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Y shaped proteins made to destroy antigens

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4
Q

What produces antibodies?

A

Special wbcs called B-cells

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5
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

What does an antibody bind with?

A

Antigens

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7
Q

What are antigens?

A

Harmful invaders

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8
Q

What type of antigen do antibodies bind with?

A

certain antigens that have the same shape

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9
Q

One type of antibody can identify how many types of antigens?

A

One

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10
Q

One type of B-cell can create how many types of antibodies?

A

One

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11
Q

What are macrophages?

A

a special type of wbc

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12
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

they kill microorganisms

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13
Q

1 step of process of protection?

A

pathogen (antigen) enters the body (bloodstream)

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14
Q

2 step of process of protection?

A

A special type of macrophage (dendritic cell) consumes the pathogen

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15
Q

3 step of process of protection?

A

Info about pathogen is sent from macrophage to helper T-cells

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16
Q

Where do helper T-cells mature in?

A

the thymus

17
Q

4 step of process of protection?

A

Helper T-cells transfer pathogen info to B-cells

18
Q

What is step 4 called?

A

cell-mediated immunity

19
Q

5 step of process of protection?

A

B-cells build specific antibodies to fight the pathogen

20
Q

What is step 5 called?

A

Humoral immunity

21
Q

What do you call the reaction where antibodies bind to antigens?

A

Antibody-antigen reaction

22
Q

What can be happened when Antibody-antigen reaction occurs?

A

antibodies can destroy antigens

23
Q

Sometimes pathogens leave the bloodstream and enter where?

A

Cells

24
Q

What do cells do to the pathogen?

A

They dissolve it and display parts of it around the cell membrane

25
Q

Why do the cells display parts of the pathogen around the cell membrane?

A

For killer T-cells to recognise

26
Q

What do killer T-cells do?

A

destroy cell and pathogen

27
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

28
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

29
Q

How does HIV killing helper T-cells affect us?

A

it makes it hard to produce antibodies & fight infection

30
Q

What’s the name of the antibodies that remain in your blood for a long time?

A

memory T-cells

31
Q

What happens when you’re exposed to the same pathogen again?

A

Your body can quickly fight off the infection thanks to memory T-cells

32
Q

What is the vaccine’s function?

A

the body remembers infection

33
Q

What does a vaccine usually contain?

A

A dead/inactive strain of the virus

34
Q

What does our body do with the vaccine?

A

It memorises the shape of the antigen (we only get minor side effects)

35
Q

What are allergies?

A

The body overreacting to foreign substances entering the bloodstream

Science 2 Term 1 (8 decks)

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