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VPHY 143 > 9B: Ovarian cyclicity > Flashcards

9B: Ovarian cyclicity Flashcards

1
Q
  • Non-seasonal
  • Spontaneous ovulation
  • right ovary (60-65%)
A

COW

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2
Q

What stage does ovulation occur?

A
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3
Q

A sign of heat/estrus, ropy clear mucus hanging from vulva or dried mucus on the flanks

A

vulvar mucus

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4
Q

Heat Detection Aid:

Freshly applied chalk positioned between
hip bones to vertical descent of tail

A

tail chalk

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5
Q

Heat Detection Aid:

● Placed at the rump region of the animal
● When the estrus cow is mounted, the detector will be pressed and will release the reddish color (seen in Initiating heat picture). This indicates that the cow is in heat.

A

KAMAR Heat-Mount Detector

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6
Q

Heat Detection Aid:

When an estrus female with the patch transmitter is mounted, the transmitter is received by a computer and will be
registered in the database. The cows are coded with numbers.

A

Heatwatch Estrus Detection

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7
Q
  • Seasonal monoestrus
  • Spontaneous ovulators

PH → female dogs (2-3 heats per year)

A

BITCH

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8
Q

Responsible for increased vascularization of the vagina / external genitalia.

A

estrogen

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9
Q

Takes place 3 days after → onset of estrus

Why? Surge of release of LH, then Corpus Luteum → start the increase of progesterone

(End) Diestrus → maximal level is achieved

A

ovulation

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10
Q

Signs of estrus in bitch:

hyporemic or hyperemic vulva?

A

hyperemic

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11
Q

Signs of estrus in bitch:

vulva is swelling or contracting at estrus?

A

swelling

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12
Q

Female dogs consistently have changes in the what lining?

A

vaginal epithelium

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13
Q

Stage:

  • Vaginal nucleated epithelial cells (NCC or Non-cornified cells)
  • presence of bloody discharge
    (RBC)
A

PROestrus

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14
Q

Stage:

Effect of estrogen → from NCCs, there will be
loss of nucleus and will observe a ribbon-like appearance (CC or cornified cells); CCs will have an increased amount
at estrus.

A

estrus

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15
Q

Stage:

the vaginal epithelial cells will eventually become NCCs again and WBC will also be present

A

METestrus

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16
Q

Stage:

will have more WBCs and NCCs

A

DIestrus

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17
Q

Stage:

only stage with RBC

A

PROestrus

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18
Q

Stage:

WBC could either be present or not

A

ANestrus

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19
Q

Stage:

has no WBC

A

PROestrus
Estrus

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20
Q

Stage:

only one with no NCC

A

LATE estrus

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21
Q

Stage:

when cornified cells are mostly present

A

Late Proestrus to Estrus

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22
Q

COMMON REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER

Manifests signs similar with pregnancy:

a. Maternal behavior (nesting)
b. Development of mammary gland (P4 from CL, prolactin)
c. Enlarged uterus,
hypertrophy of endometrium, glands devout
d. Pelvis relax, external genitalia similar to pregnant experience labor

A

Overt pseudopregnancy

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23
Q

COMMON REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER

NO EXTERNAL
SIGNS of pregnancy

Check P4 Level

A

Covert pseudopregnancy

24
Q

The reason for pseudopregnancy is due to the retained _____ even in the absence of fertilization. Though, it is still functional and luteal cells continue to produce progesterone levels.

A

Corpus luteum (CL)

25
Q

(2) important pregnancy hormones

A
  1. progesterone
  2. relaxin
26
Q

Progesterone is seen to have an increasing amount of progesterone and relaxin in?

A

a true pregnant animal

27
Q

the progesterone level only increased on the 2nd day and then decreased over time

relaxin levels also did not increase

A

pseudopregnancy

28
Q
  • Seasonal breeder (long-day breeder in temperate countries)
  • Breeding season (spring to summer)
  • Spontaneous ovulator; 60% ovulate LEFT ovary
A

MARE

29
Q

CL is formed → luteum cells start to produce progesterone

A

after ovulation (mare)

30
Q

If there is no pregnancy that would occur: uterus will secrete ____ → to cause luteolysis

A

PGF2a (alpha)

31
Q

will prepare for the next cycle if there is no fertilization that will take place

A

FSH secretion (mare)

32
Q

SIGNS OF HEAT of what animal?

  1. Restlessness
  2. Irritable
  3. Swollen vulva
  4. Tail elevation
  5. Mucoid discharge
  6. Adapts micturition position
  7. Clitoral eversion & vulvar winking
  8. Squatting
A

MARE

33
Q

Stallions exhibit ___ when mares are in heat

A

flehmen

34
Q

Time of breeding:

Mare with Short Estrus (3 days) → tropical countries

A

Bred on the 1st day of
estrus

35
Q

Time of breeding:

Mares with longer estrus (4-6 days) → temperate countries

A

Bred on the 3rd day of
estrus

36
Q

➔ Polyestrous, spontaneous ovulator, right ovulator
(60%)
➔ Some breeds are seasonal breeders (short-day) in
temperate countries
◆ Breeding season starts from fall until
winter

A

EWE

37
Q

Mediterranean and Spanish breeds are ____ breeders

● Merino
● Karakul,
● Persian Blackhead
● Dorset horn

A

non-seasonal breeders

38
Q

English and Scottish breeds are _____-day
breeders

● Hampshire
● Southdown
● Shropshire
● Romney

A

short

39
Q

What kind of breeder?

ovarian activity ceases (anestrus) with increasing daylight (spring) and is reestablished during periods of shorter day-light (fall/autumn)

A

Short-day breeder

40
Q

➔ Shortest estrous cycle
➔ When heat is detected, best to mate them right
away so that sperm is present when animal
ovulates

A

EWE

41
Q

Signs of heat of what animal?

  1. Restlessness
  2. Seek ram → form harem (females seek dominant ram)
  3. Swelling of vulva
  4. Standstill to be mounted
A

EWE

42
Q

time of breeding of EWE?

A

from mid-estrus to latter part of estrus

43
Q

HEATWATCH TRANSMITTER FOR ESTRUS DETECTION

location of Patch and transmitter?

A

sheep’s rump

44
Q

SEXUAL GROUP ASSOCIATIONS (Ewe)

a. Facilitates formation of social relationship among males
b. Leads to fast onset of first copulation → enhanced puberty
c. Ram lambs (3-6 months old) → sexual segregation → delay occurrence of first copulation

A

Male-to-male interactions

45
Q

SEXUAL GROUP ASSOCIATIONS (Ewe)

a. Facilitates early onset of puberty
b. Facilitates estrus synchronization (In humans, synchronization of menstrual cycles also occur)
c. Advances onset of breeding season in temperate countries

A

Female-to-female interactions

46
Q

SEXUAL GROUP ASSOCIATIONS (Ewe)

a. Female effect - improves ram’s sexual activity
b. Male effect or ram effect

i. Advance onset of puberty in ewe lambs
ii. Shortens anestrus period
iii. Change timing of onset and end of reproductive season in adult ewes

A

Male-to-female interactions

47
Q

Polyestrous, spontaneous ovulator

Breeding is important since within 1-½ days, ovulation occurs

A

DOE

48
Q

Signs of heat of what animal?

  1. Restlessness
  2. Decrease appetite
  3. Tail twitching from side-to-side, up & down
  4. Tail flagging → exposing hyperemic and swollen vulva
  5. Standstill to be mounted
  6. Vulva - hyperemic, edematous
A

DOE

49
Q

polyestrous,
non-seasonal, spontaneous ovulator

A

PIGS

50
Q

Signs of heat of what animal?

  1. Restlessness
  2. Decrease appetite
  3. Peculiar repetitive grunt emitted
  4. Vulva - hyperemic, edematous, enlarged
  5. Sniffs vulva of other females
  6. Seeks boar - noses testis & flanks
  7. Stationary & rigid stance with ears cocked → ears popping/ erect
    a. Allows to be mounted
    b. Stand still for back pressure test
  8. Remains still during coitus
A

PIGS

51
Q

In pigs:

Heat check if pregnant: doppler → as early as ___ days after coitus/AI

A

21

52
Q

➔ Long-day breeder, induced ovulator
➔ In PH, estrous cycle up to 3x a year

A

CATS

53
Q

➔ Multiple mating = higher percentage of ovulation

LH surge occurs minutes after intromission (duration 4-16 hrs)

After 1st mating: 50% ovulation; Multiple mating: higher % ovulation

A

CATS

54
Q

➔ LH surge needed for ovulation to take place
➔ Copulation needed to trigger LH surge
➔ Estradiol levels increasing as well prior to estrus stage

A

CATS

55
Q

Clinical signs of heat in what animal?

  1. Increase affection to objects → table legs
  2. Crawling with chest against the floor
  3. Rolling
  4. Vocalization
  5. Allowing to be mounted by male
  6. Elevating tail → expose genitalia
A

CATS

56
Q

FATES OF ESTRUS CAT

  1. Mate → fertilization → _____
  2. Sterile mating → ovulation → ______
  3. Prolonged estrus → follicular atresia → _____ (2)
  4. Diestrus → _____
A
  1. pregnant
  2. pseudopregnancy
  3. proestrus & estrus
  4. anestrus

VPHY 143 (29 decks)

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