9.7 Flashcards
1
Q
Germany Restored
A
- after germany was united, chancellor helmut kohl’s party (christian democrats) won the election
- now that germany was united, they realized that they need a lot of money to re civilize eastern germany
- the government raised taxes which brought unemployment and severe discontent
- also the stasi (secret police) files were opened
- germans had to reduce their debt, the government threatened to cut back on the social benefits west germans had been accustomed to. this was the beginning of resentment
- then to take out their frustrations, helmut kohl lost in his elections
2
Q
Post-thatcher Britain
A
- thatcher wanted to replace local property taxes with inflatable tax payable by every adult to an local authority.
- people got mad and thatcher’s popularity fell and she resigned
- tony blair (labour party) was elected
- he formed an international coalition against terrorism, but his popularity plummeted when he supported the US war in iraq
3
Q
Tony Blair
A
-he formed an international coalition against terrorism, but his popularity plummeted when he supported the US war in iraq
4
Q
France: an move to the right
A
- socialists party lost support, and they moved to the RIGHT
- the economy was horrible, there was unemployment, people were mad about foreign-born residents (from north africa )
- the prime minister advocated restrictions on all new immigration, but this caused a riot (muslims)
- the government’s promised to adopt measures to respond to these complaints, but didn’t really
5
Q
Corruption in Italy
A
- many were disgusted with political corruption
- the voters gave control of the government to the center-left coalition that included communists
6
Q
EU (european union)
A
- they had 15 members
- they were an economic union, not a political one
- they wanted to create a monetary union (maastricht treaty) and common currency (euro)
- they were an united internal market, thereby eliminated barriers to exchange of etc….
7
Q
Maastricht treaty
A
-represented an attempt to create an true economic and monetary union of all EC members
8
Q
Goals of EU
A
- they created a common agricultural policy (enable farmers to sell their goods on the world market)
- they provided aid to poor regions of EU
- they were less successful in setting common foreign policy goals and an uniform policy
- they did create an military force (peaceful conflict resolution)
- they created an full time presidential post and new voting system
9
Q
Problems in the EU
A
- some opposed it because the official representatives of the EU are not democratically accountable to the people
- many europeans don’t see themselves as europeans, but remain committed to an national identity
10
Q
EU: toward a united europe
A
- they wanted to incorporate the states of eastern and southeastern europe
- to make sure that the EU won’t become weak, EU members decided to focus on demonstrating a commitment both to market capitalism and to democracy (rule of law AND respect for minorities and human rights)
- they added 12 new members
11
Q
The end of the Cold War
A
- gorbachev wanted to limit the arms and wanted to eliminate the nuclear weapons
- also in the 1989s and 1990s, the soviet union refused to help communists governments that had revolts, leading to the overthrow of communist regimes
- the unification of germany was another symbol of the end of the cold war
- the persian gulf war tested this new relationship (iraq invade kuwait and US crush them while soviets played a minor role)
- many people were optimistic, but many ideological rigides that were in check by the soviets were released and caused chaos (yugoslavia)
12
Q
A Age of terrorism
A
- leftwing groups wanted to overthrow the system of capitalism
- right winged wanted to bring an authoritarian regime
- they stemmed from militant nationalist who wished to create separatist states
- international terrorism was big
- there was also state-sponsored terrorism
13
Q
911
A
- international terrorism
- Al qaeda, run by osama bin laden
- he was under the protection of afghanistan’s fundamentalist islamic rulers known as the taliban
14
Q
war in Afghanistan
A
bush led a war on terrorism (al qaeda)
- NATO and US bombed taliban centers and forces in afghanistan helped them
- they control most of the country
- an different government was created, but there were still problems since the taliban restarted their activity
15
Q
War in Iraq
A
- Bush wanted to invade and remove the iraqi dictator
- this caused many arab leaders to become upset and fanned anti-american sentiment
- the iraqi army was defeated
- they wanted to create an iraqi government that could hold free elections and create an democracy
- but this was difficult between of differences between three major groups (shi’ite muslims, sunni muslims and ethnic kurds)
16
Q
The west and Islam
A
- muslims didn’t like the west because…
- they supported the israelian in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- US were blamed for corruption of iranian society
- during the persian gulf war, US were stationed in saudi arabia where there were many sacred sites (affront to islam)
- US attacked iran (anti-american)
17
Q
Transformation in Women’s lives
A
- population stopped growing, birth rate declined
- number of women in workforce rose and women were entering new employment areas
- however, women still receive lower wages and found fewer opportunities for advancement
