9.7 Flashcards
1
Q
Germany Restored
A
- after germany was united, chancellor helmut kohl’s party (christian democrats) won the election
- now that germany was united, they realized that they need a lot of money to re civilize eastern germany
- the government raised taxes which brought unemployment and severe discontent
- also the stasi (secret police) files were opened
- germans had to reduce their debt, the government threatened to cut back on the social benefits west germans had been accustomed to. this was the beginning of resentment
- then to take out their frustrations, helmut kohl lost in his elections
2
Q
Post-thatcher Britain
A
- thatcher wanted to replace local property taxes with inflatable tax payable by every adult to an local authority.
- people got mad and thatcher’s popularity fell and she resigned
- tony blair (labour party) was elected
- he formed an international coalition against terrorism, but his popularity plummeted when he supported the US war in iraq
3
Q
Tony Blair
A
-he formed an international coalition against terrorism, but his popularity plummeted when he supported the US war in iraq
4
Q
France: an move to the right
A
- socialists party lost support, and they moved to the RIGHT
- the economy was horrible, there was unemployment, people were mad about foreign-born residents (from north africa )
- the prime minister advocated restrictions on all new immigration, but this caused a riot (muslims)
- the government’s promised to adopt measures to respond to these complaints, but didn’t really
5
Q
Corruption in Italy
A
- many were disgusted with political corruption
- the voters gave control of the government to the center-left coalition that included communists
6
Q
EU (european union)
A
- they had 15 members
- they were an economic union, not a political one
- they wanted to create a monetary union (maastricht treaty) and common currency (euro)
- they were an united internal market, thereby eliminated barriers to exchange of etc….
7
Q
Maastricht treaty
A
-represented an attempt to create an true economic and monetary union of all EC members
8
Q
Goals of EU
A
- they created a common agricultural policy (enable farmers to sell their goods on the world market)
- they provided aid to poor regions of EU
- they were less successful in setting common foreign policy goals and an uniform policy
- they did create an military force (peaceful conflict resolution)
- they created an full time presidential post and new voting system
9
Q
Problems in the EU
A
- some opposed it because the official representatives of the EU are not democratically accountable to the people
- many europeans don’t see themselves as europeans, but remain committed to an national identity
10
Q
EU: toward a united europe
A
- they wanted to incorporate the states of eastern and southeastern europe
- to make sure that the EU won’t become weak, EU members decided to focus on demonstrating a commitment both to market capitalism and to democracy (rule of law AND respect for minorities and human rights)
- they added 12 new members
11
Q
The end of the Cold War
A
- gorbachev wanted to limit the arms and wanted to eliminate the nuclear weapons
- also in the 1989s and 1990s, the soviet union refused to help communists governments that had revolts, leading to the overthrow of communist regimes
- the unification of germany was another symbol of the end of the cold war
- the persian gulf war tested this new relationship (iraq invade kuwait and US crush them while soviets played a minor role)
- many people were optimistic, but many ideological rigides that were in check by the soviets were released and caused chaos (yugoslavia)
12
Q
A Age of terrorism
A
- leftwing groups wanted to overthrow the system of capitalism
- right winged wanted to bring an authoritarian regime
- they stemmed from militant nationalist who wished to create separatist states
- international terrorism was big
- there was also state-sponsored terrorism
13
Q
911
A
- international terrorism
- Al qaeda, run by osama bin laden
- he was under the protection of afghanistan’s fundamentalist islamic rulers known as the taliban
14
Q
war in Afghanistan
A
bush led a war on terrorism (al qaeda)
- NATO and US bombed taliban centers and forces in afghanistan helped them
- they control most of the country
- an different government was created, but there were still problems since the taliban restarted their activity
15
Q
War in Iraq
A
- Bush wanted to invade and remove the iraqi dictator
- this caused many arab leaders to become upset and fanned anti-american sentiment
- the iraqi army was defeated
- they wanted to create an iraqi government that could hold free elections and create an democracy
- but this was difficult between of differences between three major groups (shi’ite muslims, sunni muslims and ethnic kurds)
16
Q
The west and Islam
A
- muslims didn’t like the west because…
- they supported the israelian in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- US were blamed for corruption of iranian society
- during the persian gulf war, US were stationed in saudi arabia where there were many sacred sites (affront to islam)
- US attacked iran (anti-american)
17
Q
Transformation in Women’s lives
A
- population stopped growing, birth rate declined
- number of women in workforce rose and women were entering new employment areas
- however, women still receive lower wages and found fewer opportunities for advancement
18
Q
Women’s movement
A
- women thought that they must transformation the fundamental conditions of their lives
- they formed “consciousness raising” groups
- they sought and gained a measure of control over their own bodies and insisted they had an right to both contraception and abortion
- women were involved in new issues
- they allied with the anti-nuclear movement and ecological movement
- they reached out throughout international conferences
19
Q
Guest Workers
A
- there was a shortage of labor, which brought in foreign workers
- turks, eastern and southern europeans,, caribbean, indian, pakistani
- they had low wages and inferior social benefits
- there were tensions with local native populations
- they continued to stay and bring their families
- europeans passed legislations or took other measures to restrict new immigration
20
Q
Immigrants
A
- there was an influx of refugees in the 1980s (especially to west germany)
- they seek asylum
- this made some people mad because they opposed making their countries idverse
- this was supported by right winged political parties
- the social services of countries were strained
- countries started to change their policies on immigrants (some religious (france))
21
Q
varieties of religious life
A
- church attendance declined
- however fundamentalist churches grew
- fundamentalist wanted to maintain a strict traditional interpretation of the bible and christian faith
22
Q
the growth of islam
A
islamic fundamentalism
-islam is growing in europe and US because of the migration of people from muslim countries
23
Q
islamic fundamentalism
A
-return to traditional islamic values especially after the western ideas and practices corrupted their ideas
24
Q
pope john Paul II
A
- originally karol wojtyla
- archbishop of krakow in POLAND
- reassert traditional catholic teachings
- he traveled around the world to help strengthen the church
- he believed in social justice
- helped remind people of the need to focus on spiritual concerns instead of materialism
25
Q
visual arts in the 80s and 90s
A
- neo-expressionism
- kiefer (abstract expressionism, collage, and german expression, HAUNTING)
- artists had to deal with censorship
- some people thought that artists were employing controversy to market their art
- artists were pressured to get successful
- art was combined with marketing and advertising
26
Q
music in the 80s and 90s
A
- the questioned the consumerism that seemingly homogenized popular culture
- grunge music appeared that rejected materialism
- hip hop was still popular
- rappers emerged (gangsta rap)
- in the 90s, they steered back towards pop music
27
Q
The technological world
A
- electronic mail (communication)
- internet
- twitter, youtube (communication) (lack of social interaction)
- mobile phones (communication and financially dependent nations)
- apple computer
28
Q
music and art in the digital age
A
- innovations in digital technology changed sound and production of music
- visuals artists adopted digital effects (video)
- video games
- films, games and literature made fantasy and epics popular
- also japanese anime and asian stuff
29
Q
video games
A
- the industry skyrocketed
- thinking that childhood obesity and neurological disorder caused by video games
30
Q
reality in the digital age
A
- advances during the digital age led many to belief that world cultures are becoming increasingly interdependent and homogenized
- they questioned effects of computer age on identity and material reality (virtual reality has displaced cultural uniqueness and bodily presence
31
Q
body and identity in contemporary art
A
- focused on bodily experience and cultural norms
- attempted to restore that which has been lost in digital age (kiki smith)
- artists explored interaction between western and non western world (multiculturalism) (caused by migration)
32
Q
multiculturalism
A
- caused by migrations
- yinka shonibare
- artists explored interaction between western and non western world (multiculturalism) (caused by migration)
- occupied literature (jhumpa lahiri) (showed how people are more interested in other cultures)
33
Q
toward a global civilization: new challenges and hopes
A
- people were more interested in other cultures
- people realized that nations are interdependent on other nations and the global nature of our contemporary problems
- they realized that one force created in one part of the world soon affect the entire world
- people realized that important part of global awareness is the technological dimension (world communication)
34
Q
globalization
A
-the process by which peoples and nations have become more interdependent
35
Q
the global economy
A
- production, distribution, and sale of goods are accomplished on a worldwide scale
- world Bank and IMF (international monetary fund) (oversaw global financial system)
- multinational corporation/transnational corporation
- free trade (WTO)
36
Q
multinational corporation/transnational corporation
A
-company that has divisions in more than two countries
37
Q
the end of excess
A
- the crash of the U.s. housing market led to world wide recession
- trade decreased worldwide because american consumers couldn’t afford to buy stuff
- US responded with emergency program
- europe faced less severe problems
38
Q
globlization and environmental crisis
A
- problems is population growth (increased demand for food and failure to grow enough food)
- pattern of consumption
- global warming (buildup of carbon dioxide)
39
Q
the social challenges of globalization
A
- people migrated because of persecution, to find jobs
- social backlash (scapegoats, people want to protect the ethnic purity of their nations, attacked globalization as being responsible for a host of social ills that are undermining national sovereignty)
- wide gap between rich and poor (rich = northern hemisphere, poor = southern hemisphere)
- civil war create food shortage (disrupt farming operations, warring groups try to limit food to destroy enemies)
40
Q
developed nations
A
- rich
- northern hemisphere
41
Q
developing nations
A
-poor, southern hemisphere
42
Q
New global movements and new hopes
A
- people responded through grassroots social movements and NGOS
- hopes for global approaches to global problems have been hindered by political, ethnic, and religious disputes
- centrifugal forces are attempting to redefine political, cultural, and ethnic ways in which the world is divided
43
Q
NGOS
A
- non governmental organizations
- identified with interests that transcend national boundaries
- define problems in global terms, to take account of human interests, and needs as they are found in all parts of the planet
