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APE Unit 9 > 9.6 > Flashcards

9.6 Flashcards

1
Q

The Gorbachev era

A

seemed intent on taking earlier reforms to their logical conclusions

  • he saw that the economy was horrible, they fell behind in high technology, and the standard of living
  • he saw that the soviet union needed to change
  • the perestroika was put into
  • the glasnost was also put into place (an part of the perestroika)
  • he also had political reforms (calling for an new soviet parliament and the legalization of other political parties)
  • on the other hand, he started to create an new state of presidency since the power of party secretary was diminishing since the communist party was becoming less associated with the state
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2
Q

result of the gorbachev era

A
  • there were many nationalities in the soviet union
  • during the iron hand of the communist party, they kept an lid on tensions between nationalities
  • now tensions resurfaced and protested since the iron fist was lessened
  • there was also an nationalist movement that appeared in republics that made up the USSR
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3
Q

Gorbachev

A
  • elected party secretary

- began a new era in the soviet union

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4
Q

perestroika

A
  • it first meant the reordering of economic policy (limited free enterprise and some private property)
  • then gorbachev realized that he needed to reform the politics and social stuff in order to reform the economy
  • as a result of this, the glasnost emerged
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5
Q

glasnost

A
  • an part of the perestroika
  • this came to be after gorbachev realized that he needed to reform the politics and social stuff in order to reform the economy
  • it allowed citizens and officials to discuss openly the strengths and weakness of the USSR
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6
Q

the end of the soviet union

A
  • gorbachev was trying to satisfy the soviet republics, the conservatives complaining about disorder, and liberals who wanted an decentralized soviet federation (yeltsin)
  • the conservative leaders then arrested him and attempted to seize power
  • then the soviet republics moved for complete independence (commonwealth of independent states
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7
Q

Yeltsin

A
  • president of russian republic

- wanted an decentralized soviet federation

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8
Q

Commonwealth of independent states

A
  • ukraine, russia and belarus
  • declared the USSR didn’t exist
  • commander in chief was yeltsin
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9
Q

The New Russia under Yeltsin

A
  • he wanted to make russia an free market economy
  • however the economy was really bad and people were doubtful of it
  • yeltsin wanted to abolish the parliament created by gorbachev and create an two=chamber parliament and strong presidency. some people didn’t like this
  • he also wanted to create a market economy, but this caused problems and people doubted the greatness of the capitalist system over the one that existed under communist rule
  • chechnya wanted to break away from russia. which caused the government to have no money
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10
Q

The Putin Era

A
  • wanted to strengthen the role of the central government in managing the affairs of the state
  • he brought chechnya back to russian authority and “adopted a more assertive role in international affairs”
  • he launched reforms that were aimed at boosting the economy and budget revenues
  • he wanted to centralize his control over the system and silence critics
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11
Q

1989 Revolution in Poland

A
  • the polish regime allowed free parliamentary elections allowed the solidarity form a new government
  • the soviets let them do this (under gorbachev)
  • lech walesa was the new polish president
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12
Q

1989 Revolution in Hungary

A
  • the communists tried to make reforms, but they were too late
  • political parties created an democratic republic
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13
Q

1989 Revolution in Czechoslovakia

A
  • the government tried to suppress and suppress demonstrations, but didn’t work
  • the communist government collapsed after it lacked support
  • then vaclav havel was made president
  • he wanted czech democracy and new order in europe
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14
Q

vaclav havel

A
  • was made president

- he wanted czech democracy and new order in europe

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15
Q

1989 Revolution in Romania

A
  • the dictator rejected the reforms promoted by gorbachev
  • however economic difficulties and decline in living standards caused many romanians to get angry
  • many mass demonstrations occurred
  • the dictator was then captured and executed
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16
Q

After the Fall of the communist rule

A
  • many governments started to introduce democratic procedures and market systems
  • however, most didn’t have much experience with democratic system and ethnic clashes emerged and the rapid change to market economies shocked most people
  • however, poland and the czech republic made a successful transition to free markets and democracy
  • the czech republic separated into czech republic and slovakia
  • many nations wanted to join NATO and European union that were institutions of western europe unity
  • some were not convinced that inclusion in european integration is a good thing
17
Q

Reunification of Germany

A
  • many people in east germany fled because of honeckers oppressiveness
  • a lot of people wanted to wall to come down
  • the german communist government soon capitulated to popular pressure and opened the entire border with the west
  • the economies were united and final they achieved political reunification
18
Q

Disintegration of yugoslavia

A
  • after WWII, yugoslavia was created
  • marshal tito managed the six republics dictatorially
  • after tito, yugoslavia was caught in reform movements that were sweeping through eastern europe
  • yugoslavian separatist movements emerged and they wanted to separate
  • slobodan milosevic was the leader of the serbian communist party
  • he allowed this if only the serbs minorities who did not want to live outside the boundaries of greater serbian state had made new border arrangements to accommodate them
  • they weren’t able to negotiate
  • slovenia and croatia then declared their independence
  • milosevic sent the yugoslavian army into slovenia without success
  • they then attacked croatia
  • the army, that was becoming the serbian party, captured the croatian territory
19
Q

Milosevic

A
  • was the leader of the serbian communist party
  • he allowed this if only the serbs minorities who did not want to live outside the boundaries of greater serbian state had made new border arrangements to accommodate them
  • they weren’t able to negotiate
  • slovenia and croatia then declared their independence
  • milosevic sent the yugoslavian army into slovenia without success
  • they then attacked croatia
  • the army, that was becoming the serbian party, captured the croatian territory
20
Q

The War in Bosnia

A
  • bosnia, slovenia, and croatia were recognized as independent
  • however the serbs continued to fight them
  • they had a ‘ethnic cleansing” where they removed bosnian muslims from their lands
  • it ended with a formal treaty that split bosnia into a loose union of an serb republic and an muslim croat federation
21
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A
  • they had a ‘ethnic cleansing” where Serbs removed bosnian muslims from their lands
  • occurred in bosnia
22
Q

The war in kosovo

A
  • kosovo was an autonomous province within yugoslavia. there were ethnic albanians who were allowed to keep their albanian language
  • the serbian minority wanted to kick out the kosovo’s because they were on sacred ground
  • milosevic then started to strip kosovo of their autonomous status and outlawed any official use of albanian language
  • it ended with an peace plan, but when milosevic refused to sign it, US and NATO bombed them into compliance
23
Q

Kosovo

A

-kosovo was an autonomous province within yugoslavia. there were ethnic albanians who were allowed to keep their albanian language

24
Q

The aftermath

A
  • milosevic was ousted from power
  • they moved quickly to cooperate with the international community and begin rebuilding the serbian economy
  • in the end, bosnia-herzegovina, croatia, serbia, macedonia, slovenia, montenegro, and kosovo were made independent

APE Unit 9 (8 decks)

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