9.5

Question 1

Dente

Answer 1

• time of peace (no nuclear war)

- agreed to expand trade

Question 2

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 2

-the right of the soviet union to intervene if socialism was threatened in another socialist state

Question 3

Brezhnev

Answer 3

• didn’t want the soviet union to reform

- brezhnev doctrine

Question 4

Soviet union from 1964-1982

Answer 4

• detente
• emphasized heavy industry, but industrial growth declined
• there was central planning (government controlled everything) that was based on guaranteed employment (cause drunkenness etc..)
• agricultural problems
• they were dependent of capitalist countries
• rise in infant mortality rates
• dramatic surge in alcoholism
• deterioration in working conditions
• there was also an system when you had to an “patron” (someone to look out for you)
• brezhnev refused to change the system even though it was horrible
• yuri andropov was the successor of Brezhnev but was too old to make significant changes

Question 5

Hungary from 1964-1982

Answer 5

• they tried to get ehri freedom from soviets, but they were repressed. they had to then follow policies.
• then communist leaders adopted reform programs to make socialism more acceptable
• they had more far-reaching reforms then poland (successful)

Question 6

Poland from 1964-1982

Answer 6

• they tried to get ehri freedom from soviets, but they were repressed. they had to then follow policies.
• then communist leaders adopted reform programs to make socialism more acceptable
• there was an labor movement called solidarity
• they won a few concessions, but then the polish government imposed military rule

Question 7

solidarity

Answer 7

• labor movement in poland
• led by Lech Walesa
• had support of church

Question 8

Lech Walesa

Answer 8

-led solidarity in poland

Question 9

Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia

Answer 9

• person put in power by stalin
• alienated member of his party and made people made
• rebellion led to his resignation
• dubeck introduce number of reforms (communism with an human face)
• period of happiness!!! (prague spring)
• but when they wanted to be neutral and withdrawal from soviet bloc, the red army invaded

Question 10

Eastern Germany 1964-1982

Answer 10

• they became an faithful soviet satellite when led by ulbricht
• industry was nationalized and agriculture was collectivized
• when eastern germans led to west germany, they created the berlin wall
• after that, they had to the strongest economy among soviet union eastern europe’s satellites
• after ulbricht, erich honecker came in
• honecker created stasi (secret police)
• they became stable because of their economy and secret police

Question 11

Stasi

Answer 11

• secret police in eastern europe

- created by erich honecker

Question 12

Romania from 1964-1982

Answer 12

• communists held power

- ceausescu created an rigid and dictatorial regime (secret police)

Question 13

Western Europe

Answer 13

• economic recessions in 1973-1974 and 1979-1983

- inflation and unemployment rose

Question 14

Western Germany from 1964-1982

Answer 14

• social democrats and free democratic became the leading party
• Willy Brandt was successful with his “opening toward the east” (Ostpolitik)
• Helmut Schmidt succeed willy brandt and focused on the economy (helped it)
• the social democrats and free democrats fell apart
• helmut kohl then created an new government with free democrats and christian democrats

Question 15

Willy brandt

Answer 15

-was successful with his “opening toward the east” (Ostpolitik)

Question 16

Ostpolitik

Answer 16

• willy brandt

- ”opening toward the east”

Question 17

Helmut Kohl

Answer 17

• created an new government with free democrats and christian democrats
• after helmut schmidt

Question 18

Britain from 1964-1982

Answer 18

• conservatives and labor party alternated in power
• the catholics and protestants were fighting in northern ireland and started to get violent when ireland’s parliament was suspended and the establishment of direct rule by london
• the british economy was horrible because they weren’t modernized
• margaret thatcher (conservative) came into power
• overall, britain was no longer a world power

Question 19

margaret thatcher

Answer 19

• they broke the power of labor unions
• she improved british economy, but at the price of one part of england being prosperous and another not and cutback on education
• she took a hard-line approach towards communism
• built up the military by replacing older technology
• the british rebuffed the argentines when they tried to take control of falkland islands, but at a price

Question 20

France from 1964-1982

Answer 20

• socialist party came into power
• francois mitterrand was elected president
• tried to help the french economy, passed liberal measures to aid workers, centralized (nationalize banks and industry) and decentralized (allow local government have more power)
• the socialist party failed however and lost support

Question 21

Francis Mitterrand

Answer 21

• elected president in france
• tried to help the french economy, passed liberal measures to aid workers, centralized (nationalize banks and industry) and decentralized (allow local government have more power)
• the socialist party failed however and lost support

Question 22

Italy in the 70s and 80s

Answer 22

• they continued to practice the policies of coalitions that had characterized much of its history
• they were mostly consisted of Christian democrats
• the communists supported eurocommunism, they gained some votes, but not a lot
• italy had a severe economic recessions (the rise in oil prices hurt them)
• there were political and social problems: student unrest, mass strikes, and terrorist attacks
• they experienced economic growth in 1980s, but they still had problems

Question 23

European Community

Answer 23

• european states continued to integrate their economies
• the EEC expanded when great britain, ireland, and denmark,
• they renamed it the european community (EC)
• then greece, spain, and portugal joined

Question 24

The Practice of Detente

Answer 24

• reduction of tension between america and soviet union
• they agreed to limit their systems for launching anti ballistic missiles
• they recognized all borders that had been established in europe since the end of WWII (acknowledging soviet sphere of influence)
• they recognize and protect the human rights of their citizens

Question 25

Limits of Detente

Answer 25

• the soviet invasion of afghanistan hardened relations between US and soviet union
• regan began a military buildup that stimulated a renewed arms race
• regan supported SDI

Question 26

SDI

Answer 26

• Strategic defense initiative
• ”star wars”
• an space shield that could destroy incoming missiles

Question 27

1980 Olympics

Answer 27

-after the soviet invasion of afghanistan, carter cancale american participation in these olympics

Question 28

THe world of science and technology

Answer 28

• before WWII, theoretical science and technology were separated (university professors didn’t do stuff with practical technological stuff)
• then WWII, university scientists were recruited to build weapons and instruments (computer, atomic bomb)
• they were sponsored by the government because was expensive
• the space race caused US to launch an project to land on the moon

Question 29

Albert Turning

Answer 29

-used computers to assist the british in breaking the secret codes of german ciphering machines

Question 30

The computer

Answer 30

• they were originally big (grace hopper)
• the transistor and silicon chips were invented
• the microprocessor combined the equivalence of many transistors on an silicon chip (lead to personal computer)