9.5 #2 Flashcards
Grace Hopper
- important figure in early computer
- invented a computer language that enabled computers to respond to words as well as numbers
New conception of the universe
- the universe was an not collection of physical objects” but a complicated web of relations between various parts of the world
- different from newtonian view of the universe
Dangers of Science and Technology
- they saw that scientific knowledge ave human beings the ability to manipulate the environment for their own benefits
- they said that some technological advances had far-reaching side effects damaging to the environment
- E.F. Schumacher
E.F. Schumacher
- critique of dangers of the new science and technology
- ”small is beautiful”
The environment
- air pollution caused many bad effects
- an nuclear power disaster at chernobyl made europeans even more aware of potential environmental hazards
- green parties started to join
Green Parties
- their origins were by no means uniform(some antinuclear women’s liberation, foreign workers)
- they didn’t agree on all issues and splintered into different cliques
- they did not replace traditional political parties
Chernobyl
-an nuclear power disaster at chernobyl made europeans even more aware of potential environmental hazards
Post modern thought
- they rejected the idea of objective truth but relative nature of reality (everything has an different view)
- structuralism
structuralism
- instead of having the thought then language
- you need the language in order to have the thought
- Ferdinand de Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure
-structuralism
Poststructuralism/ deconstruction
-culture is created and can therefore be analyzed in a variety of ways according to the manner in which people create their own meaning
Derrida
- culture is created and can therefore be analyzed in a variety of ways according to the manner in which people create their own meaning
- poststructuralism/deconstruction
Foucault
believed that norms are produced by some degree of power struggle -society creates ideal behavior from those who conform, but also invents a subclass of individuals who do not conform it
Trends in the 60s-80s
-they favored tradition instead of futurism and cutting edge stuff of modernism
Art in the 60s and 70s
- they rejected the notion of object-based artworks
- allen kaprow created events that were not scripted but chance occurrences, they included audience participation
- architecture was an blend of modern day materials and historical references
- they returned to realism were they painted or sculpted ordinary individuals in their ordinary lives
Allen Kaprow
- created events that were not scripted but chance occurrences, they included audience participation
- instead of abstract paintings
Literature in the 60s-80s
- magic realism
- milan kundera
magic realism
-combined realistic events with dreamlike or fantasy backgrounds
milan kundera
-used magic realism
used fantasy to examine moral issues and remained optimistic about the human condition
-czech
Music
- continuation of pre war developments
- serialism (order of succession is set for specific values)
Punk-rock
- spread from nY to britain
- fueled by an economic crisis that results in many people being unemployed and undereducated, but some people were art school graduates who applied avant-garde experimentation to the movement
- it was shortlived
- they were rebellious and rejected most social conventions
Music from the 70s to 80s
- rock-and roll
- punk rock
- popular music focused on social issues (vietnam war, materialism) (love and peace)
- music video (image is as important as selling records)
- rap / hip hop (discov beats and turntable manipulations)
MTV
- video music channel
- image is as important as selling records
- music videos
The Growth of Mass sports
- it became popular culture and leisure industry
- sports could be broadcast, people didn’t’ have to leave their homes
- sports came to receive a lot of money from television contracts
- olympics became a “war without weapons” because soviets saw the olympics as an way to stimulate nationalist spirit as well as promote communist system as the best path for social progress
- politicization of games took over, when they were just friendly competitions
- many nations threatened to withdraw in protest (munich olympics and moscow)
- there were pressures to win (new technologies and making sure athletes dont’ cheat (drugs))
Munich Olympics
- 27 african nations threaten to pull out of the olympics because of segregation in south africa
- a palestinian terrorist group seized 11 israeli athletes as hostages
moscow olympics
-US boycotted to protest soviet invasion of afghanistan
Mc Luhan
- said that advances in mass communications technology will lead to an shrinking of the world and transform the world into a global village
- these were popular ideas
- 1960s he predicted this
- people argued that western popular culture has distributed different cultures and teach cultures of others. others cultures has come to the west too
