9.5 #2

Question 1

Grace Hopper

Answer 1

• important figure in early computer

- invented a computer language that enabled computers to respond to words as well as numbers

Question 2

New conception of the universe

Answer 2

• the universe was an not collection of physical objects” but a complicated web of relations between various parts of the world
• different from newtonian view of the universe

Question 3

Dangers of Science and Technology

Answer 3

• they saw that scientific knowledge ave human beings the ability to manipulate the environment for their own benefits
• they said that some technological advances had far-reaching side effects damaging to the environment
• E.F. Schumacher

Question 4

E.F. Schumacher

Answer 4

• critique of dangers of the new science and technology

- ”small is beautiful”

Question 5

The environment

Answer 5

• air pollution caused many bad effects
• an nuclear power disaster at chernobyl made europeans even more aware of potential environmental hazards
• green parties started to join

Question 6

Green Parties

Answer 6

• their origins were by no means uniform(some antinuclear women’s liberation, foreign workers)
• they didn’t agree on all issues and splintered into different cliques
• they did not replace traditional political parties

Question 7

Chernobyl

Answer 7

-an nuclear power disaster at chernobyl made europeans even more aware of potential environmental hazards

Question 8

Post modern thought

Answer 8

• they rejected the idea of objective truth but relative nature of reality (everything has an different view)
• structuralism

Question 9

structuralism

Answer 9

• instead of having the thought then language
• you need the language in order to have the thought
• Ferdinand de Saussure

Question 10

Ferdinand de Saussure

Answer 10

-structuralism

Question 11

Poststructuralism/ deconstruction

Answer 11

-culture is created and can therefore be analyzed in a variety of ways according to the manner in which people create their own meaning

Question 12

Derrida

Answer 12

• culture is created and can therefore be analyzed in a variety of ways according to the manner in which people create their own meaning
• poststructuralism/deconstruction

Question 13

Foucault

Answer 13

believed that norms are produced by some degree of power struggle
-society creates ideal behavior from those who conform, but also invents a subclass of individuals who do not conform it

Question 14

Trends in the 60s-80s

Answer 14

-they favored tradition instead of futurism and cutting edge stuff of modernism

Question 15

Art in the 60s and 70s

Answer 15

• they rejected the notion of object-based artworks
• allen kaprow created events that were not scripted but chance occurrences, they included audience participation
• architecture was an blend of modern day materials and historical references
• they returned to realism were they painted or sculpted ordinary individuals in their ordinary lives

Question 16

Allen Kaprow

Answer 16

• created events that were not scripted but chance occurrences, they included audience participation
• instead of abstract paintings

Question 17

Literature in the 60s-80s

Answer 17

• magic realism

- milan kundera

Question 18

magic realism

Answer 18

-combined realistic events with dreamlike or fantasy backgrounds

Question 19

milan kundera

Answer 19

-used magic realism
used fantasy to examine moral issues and remained optimistic about the human condition
-czech

Question 20

Music

Answer 20

• continuation of pre war developments

- serialism (order of succession is set for specific values)

Question 21

Punk-rock

Answer 21

• spread from nY to britain
• fueled by an economic crisis that results in many people being unemployed and undereducated, but some people were art school graduates who applied avant-garde experimentation to the movement
• it was shortlived
• they were rebellious and rejected most social conventions

Question 22

Music from the 70s to 80s

Answer 22

• rock-and roll
• punk rock
• popular music focused on social issues (vietnam war, materialism) (love and peace)
• music video (image is as important as selling records)
• rap / hip hop (discov beats and turntable manipulations)

Question 23

MTV

Answer 23

• video music channel
• image is as important as selling records
• music videos

Question 24

The Growth of Mass sports

Answer 24

• it became popular culture and leisure industry
• sports could be broadcast, people didn’t’ have to leave their homes
• sports came to receive a lot of money from television contracts
• olympics became a “war without weapons” because soviets saw the olympics as an way to stimulate nationalist spirit as well as promote communist system as the best path for social progress
• politicization of games took over, when they were just friendly competitions
• many nations threatened to withdraw in protest (munich olympics and moscow)
• there were pressures to win (new technologies and making sure athletes dont’ cheat (drugs))

Question 25

Munich Olympics

Answer 25

• 27 african nations threaten to pull out of the olympics because of segregation in south africa
• a palestinian terrorist group seized 11 israeli athletes as hostages

Question 26

moscow olympics

Answer 26

-US boycotted to protest soviet invasion of afghanistan

Question 27

Mc Luhan

Answer 27

• said that advances in mass communications technology will lead to an shrinking of the world and transform the world into a global village
• these were popular ideas
• 1960s he predicted this
• people argued that western popular culture has distributed different cultures and teach cultures of others. others cultures has come to the west too