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APE Unit 9 > 9.3 > Flashcards

9.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stalin’s Policy

A
  • he used the acquisition of development capital from soviet labor strategy
  • this helped the heavy industry and overall economy grow, but the consumer goods were still very low
  • stalin removed all opposition to his rule and started an anti-intellectual campaign and political terror (purges)
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2
Q

Kruschev

A
  • he allowed some intellectual freedom
  • let alexander solzhenitsyn publish his novel about the grim portrayal of the horrors of the forced labor camps
  • he extended the process of de stalinization
  • however he downplayed it when countries who were controlled by the soviet union revolted because of de-stalinization
  • he tried to put more emphasis on consumer goods, but it actually caused the economy to decline because of failures and increased military spending
  • his personality didn’t make him appeasing to higher soviet officials
  • his foreign policy failures (cuba)
  • he was voted out
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3
Q

Eastern Europe after WWII

A
  • most were under Stalin’s rule
  • they focused on heavy industry instead of consumer goods
  • follows collectivization of farms
  • eliminated non-communist parties
  • established institutions of repression
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4
Q

Albania after WWII

A
  • they had a strong communist resistance movement during the war
  • after the war, the local communists created a regime that was independent of the soviet union
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5
Q

Yugoslavia

A
  • josip broz tito, after the war, moved toward created an independent communist state
  • the communists there were separating themselves from stalinism, not communism
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6
Q

Upheaval in Poland

A
  • wladyslaw gomulka was made first secretary
  • he said that poland had the right to follow its own socialist path
  • but they were scared of USSR and compromised. poland would be loyal to the warsaw pact and the soviets would let poland go on their own path
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7
Q

Upheaval in Hungary

A
  • Imry Nagy was made the new leader after ousting the stalinist leader
  • the hungarians were not mad at the soviets, but communism because of economic difficulties and the secret policy
  • nagy declared hungary a free nation and promised free elections
  • khrushchev sent troops into hungary and they reestablished control
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8
Q

Wladyslaw gomulka

A
  • led the people of poland in revolt against USSR

- he said that poland had the right to follow its own socialist path

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9
Q

Imry Nagy

A

-was made the new leader in hungary after ousting the stalinist leader

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10
Q

Western Europe: Revival of democracy

A
  • communists had first gained responsibility because they resisted the nazis, but then started to dwindle
  • communists parties joined with other left-wing parties who didn’t support the old order, but support for the socialists decreased
  • so socialists parties started to not focus on class struggle, but social justice and liberty
  • moderate political parties made an comeback (christian democratic parties)
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11
Q

Christian Democratic parties

A
  • they supported democracy and economic reforms

- they were strong in italy and germany

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12
Q

France : De Gaulle

A
  • the fourth republic was created after the war
  • since gaulle believed this republic was weak, he left politics
  • the republic was not good because of algeria wanting independence and some of france being anti-war. this caused conflict
  • so leaders invited degaulle back
  • degaulle created the fifth republic
  • because there were problems in the republic, there were revolts and de gaulle resigned
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13
Q

De Gaulle’s Foreign policy

A
  • granting algeria full independence
  • withdrawing french military forces from NATO
  • developing france’s own nuclear weapons
  • opposing great britain’s entry into the EEC
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14
Q

Fifth republic

A
  • the president had more power
  • de gaulle tried to make france an great power by pulling france out of NATO and investing heavily in nuclear arms race, but didn’t succeed
  • the economy caused the economy to grow faster, but there were some problems
  • nationalization caused the cost of living and consumer prices to go up
  • people started to revolt and de gaulle resigned
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15
Q

West Germany

A
  • adenauer sought respect for west germany by cooperating with US and other western nations
  • during the korean war, people were scared about security so they called for rearmament
  • adenauer resurrected the economy by new currency, free market, low taxes elimination of controls and american financial aid
  • as a result, national product grew, wages doubled, unemployment fell
  • they imported guest workers
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16
Q

Adenauer

A

-he was the “founding hero” of the Federal REpublic

17
Q

German miracle state

A
  • adenauer resurrected the economy by new currency, free market, low taxes elimination of controls and american financial aid
  • as a result, national product grew, wages doubled, unemployment fell
18
Q

Great Britain: Welfare state

A
  • the labor government purused reforms
  • they nationalized many places
  • there was an social security program and nationalized medical insurance that allowed the state to subsidize the weak, sick and aged
  • there was also socialized medicine that required doctors to work with state hospitals
  • the welfare state caused the british to reduce expenses abroad and to stop the british empire and reduce military aid
  • when the conservatives came back into power, they accepted the welfare state
  • however, the economy was slowly declining because of trade unions, unwillingness to modernize, and the loss of prewar revenues from abroad (now only debts)
19
Q

social security

A

-the government taking care of weak, sick and aged

20
Q

social medicine

A
  • required doctors to work with state hospitals
21
Q

Italy

A
  • italy became a democratic state
  • the Christian democrats, who were dominated by the catholic church came into power
  • they were excluded from government coalitions, but still maintained power
  • italy had an economic miracle because of the marshall plan and the production of stuff and combination of private enterprise and government management
  • they still had the problem of southern italy being “backward”
22
Q

Change in the Middle Class

A
  • the middle class became bigger
  • the people who were hired had an higher education
  • this caused people to ensure that their kids had a good education so they could get a job
23
Q

Change in the lower class

A
  • there was an dramatic shift of people from rural to urban areas
  • the number of people working in agriculture declined, but industrial labor force remained the same
  • industrial workers dwindled
  • white-collared jobs increased
  • increase in wages let the lower class to buy stuff the middle class could buy (consumer society)
24
Q

consumer society

A

-increase in wages let the lower class to buy stuff the middle class could buy / imitate the middle class (consumer society)

25
Q

mass leisure

A
  • rising incomes and shorter working hours increased the market for mass leisure activities
  • tourism started to grow
26
Q

Creation of the Welfare state

A
  • it represented another extension of the government on the lives of citizens
  • the goal was to make it possible for people to live better by removing poverty and homeless, etc…
  • the welfare state was not new, but it did not have the belief that society had a responsibility to care for its citizens
  • the new welfare state extended prewar policies and created new ones
  • different countries did different welfare states
  • the goal was affordable health care
  • they used family allowances
  • they wanted to remove class barriers, by letting kids had the opportunity to go to college
  • the state increased the amount of money states used on social services
27
Q

Gender Issues in the welfare state: britain and WEst Germany

A
  • they belived women should stay home
  • women got subsidies fro children
  • married women who worked got few or no benefits
  • they wanted wives to depend on their husbands
28
Q

Gender Issues in the welfare state: soviet union

A

-women were encouraged to work outside of the home

29
Q

Gender Issues in the welfare state: france

A
  • they wanted women to have the same rights as men

- but they also wanted an population growth so they encouraged women to stay home at the same time

APE Unit 9 (8 decks)

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