9.3 Flashcards
1
Q
Stalin’s Policy
A
- he used the acquisition of development capital from soviet labor strategy
- this helped the heavy industry and overall economy grow, but the consumer goods were still very low
- stalin removed all opposition to his rule and started an anti-intellectual campaign and political terror (purges)
2
Q
Kruschev
A
- he allowed some intellectual freedom
- let alexander solzhenitsyn publish his novel about the grim portrayal of the horrors of the forced labor camps
- he extended the process of de stalinization
- however he downplayed it when countries who were controlled by the soviet union revolted because of de-stalinization
- he tried to put more emphasis on consumer goods, but it actually caused the economy to decline because of failures and increased military spending
- his personality didn’t make him appeasing to higher soviet officials
- his foreign policy failures (cuba)
- he was voted out
3
Q
Eastern Europe after WWII
A
- most were under Stalin’s rule
- they focused on heavy industry instead of consumer goods
- follows collectivization of farms
- eliminated non-communist parties
- established institutions of repression
4
Q
Albania after WWII
A
- they had a strong communist resistance movement during the war
- after the war, the local communists created a regime that was independent of the soviet union
5
Q
Yugoslavia
A
- josip broz tito, after the war, moved toward created an independent communist state
- the communists there were separating themselves from stalinism, not communism
6
Q
Upheaval in Poland
A
- wladyslaw gomulka was made first secretary
- he said that poland had the right to follow its own socialist path
- but they were scared of USSR and compromised. poland would be loyal to the warsaw pact and the soviets would let poland go on their own path
7
Q
Upheaval in Hungary
A
- Imry Nagy was made the new leader after ousting the stalinist leader
- the hungarians were not mad at the soviets, but communism because of economic difficulties and the secret policy
- nagy declared hungary a free nation and promised free elections
- khrushchev sent troops into hungary and they reestablished control
8
Q
Wladyslaw gomulka
A
- led the people of poland in revolt against USSR
- he said that poland had the right to follow its own socialist path
9
Q
Imry Nagy
A
-was made the new leader in hungary after ousting the stalinist leader
10
Q
Western Europe: Revival of democracy
A
- communists had first gained responsibility because they resisted the nazis, but then started to dwindle
- communists parties joined with other left-wing parties who didn’t support the old order, but support for the socialists decreased
- so socialists parties started to not focus on class struggle, but social justice and liberty
- moderate political parties made an comeback (christian democratic parties)
11
Q
Christian Democratic parties
A
- they supported democracy and economic reforms
- they were strong in italy and germany
12
Q
France : De Gaulle
A
- the fourth republic was created after the war
- since gaulle believed this republic was weak, he left politics
- the republic was not good because of algeria wanting independence and some of france being anti-war. this caused conflict
- so leaders invited degaulle back
- degaulle created the fifth republic
- because there were problems in the republic, there were revolts and de gaulle resigned
13
Q
De Gaulle’s Foreign policy
A
- granting algeria full independence
- withdrawing french military forces from NATO
- developing france’s own nuclear weapons
- opposing great britain’s entry into the EEC
14
Q
Fifth republic
A
- the president had more power
- de gaulle tried to make france an great power by pulling france out of NATO and investing heavily in nuclear arms race, but didn’t succeed
- the economy caused the economy to grow faster, but there were some problems
- nationalization caused the cost of living and consumer prices to go up
- people started to revolt and de gaulle resigned
15
Q
West Germany
A
- adenauer sought respect for west germany by cooperating with US and other western nations
- during the korean war, people were scared about security so they called for rearmament
- adenauer resurrected the economy by new currency, free market, low taxes elimination of controls and american financial aid
- as a result, national product grew, wages doubled, unemployment fell
- they imported guest workers
16
Q
Adenauer
A
-he was the “founding hero” of the Federal REpublic
17
Q
German miracle state
A
- adenauer resurrected the economy by new currency, free market, low taxes elimination of controls and american financial aid
- as a result, national product grew, wages doubled, unemployment fell
18
Q
Great Britain: Welfare state
A
- the labor government purused reforms
- they nationalized many places
- there was an social security program and nationalized medical insurance that allowed the state to subsidize the weak, sick and aged
- there was also socialized medicine that required doctors to work with state hospitals
- the welfare state caused the british to reduce expenses abroad and to stop the british empire and reduce military aid
- when the conservatives came back into power, they accepted the welfare state
- however, the economy was slowly declining because of trade unions, unwillingness to modernize, and the loss of prewar revenues from abroad (now only debts)
19
Q
social security
A
-the government taking care of weak, sick and aged
20
Q
social medicine
A
- required doctors to work with state hospitals
21
Q
Italy
A
- italy became a democratic state
- the Christian democrats, who were dominated by the catholic church came into power
- they were excluded from government coalitions, but still maintained power
- italy had an economic miracle because of the marshall plan and the production of stuff and combination of private enterprise and government management
- they still had the problem of southern italy being “backward”
22
Q
Change in the Middle Class
A
- the middle class became bigger
- the people who were hired had an higher education
- this caused people to ensure that their kids had a good education so they could get a job
23
Q
Change in the lower class
A
- there was an dramatic shift of people from rural to urban areas
- the number of people working in agriculture declined, but industrial labor force remained the same
- industrial workers dwindled
- white-collared jobs increased
- increase in wages let the lower class to buy stuff the middle class could buy (consumer society)
24
Q
consumer society
A
-increase in wages let the lower class to buy stuff the middle class could buy / imitate the middle class (consumer society)
25
Q
mass leisure
A
- rising incomes and shorter working hours increased the market for mass leisure activities
- tourism started to grow
26
Q
Creation of the Welfare state
A
- it represented another extension of the government on the lives of citizens
- the goal was to make it possible for people to live better by removing poverty and homeless, etc…
- the welfare state was not new, but it did not have the belief that society had a responsibility to care for its citizens
- the new welfare state extended prewar policies and created new ones
- different countries did different welfare states
- the goal was affordable health care
- they used family allowances
- they wanted to remove class barriers, by letting kids had the opportunity to go to college
- the state increased the amount of money states used on social services
27
Q
Gender Issues in the welfare state: britain and WEst Germany
A
- they belived women should stay home
- women got subsidies fro children
- married women who worked got few or no benefits
- they wanted wives to depend on their husbands
28
Q
Gender Issues in the welfare state: soviet union
A
-women were encouraged to work outside of the home
29
Q
Gender Issues in the welfare state: france
A
- they wanted women to have the same rights as men
- but they also wanted an population growth so they encouraged women to stay home at the same time
