9.3

Question 1

One study found that a nap that included \_\_\_\_ sleep enhanced performance on certain kinds of creative problem solving.
A. stage 1
B. stage 2
C. stages 3 and 4
D. REM

Answer 1

D. REM

Question 2

For which species does REM sleep compose the largest percentage of total sleep?
A. species that get a great deal of sleep
B. species that sleep very little
C. humans, dolphins, and others with a large brain
D. the aged members of any species

Answer 2

A. species that get a great deal of sleep

Question 3

Compared to REM, research suggests that NREM is:
A. important for all types of memory.
B. important for strengthening memories of motor skills.
C. important for strengthening memories of lists of words.
D. not important for strengthening memories of any kind.

Answer 3

C. important for strengthening memories of lists of words.

Question 4

During dreaming, which of the following area or areas continue to be highly active?
A. the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other emotional areas
B. the primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus
C. the areas of the prefrontal cortex that are key to working memory
D. the primary visual cortex and primary auditory cortex

Answer 4

A. the hypothalmus, amylgalda, and other emotional areas

Question 5

If you were awakened every time you entered REM sleep for a few days, and then were permitted to sleep without interruptions, you would:
A. spend about 50 percent more time in REM sleep than usual.
B. get nothing but REM sleep the next night.
C. get little or no REM sleep for the next several nights.
D. spend about the same time in REM sleep as usual.

Answer 5

A. spend about 50 percent more time in REM sleep than usual.

Question 6

Research suggests that REM is:
A. important for all types of memory.
B. most important for strengthening memories of motor skills.
C. most important for strengthening memories of lists of words.
D. not important for strengthening memories of any kind.

Answer 6

B. most importnat for strengthening memories of motor skills

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true regarding hibernation and sleep?
A. They conserve energy.
B. They increase body temperature.
C. They lower body temperature.
D. They increase during times of food shortages.

Answer 7

B. They increase body temperature.

Question 8

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?
A. The brain’s attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity
B. Unconscious motivations and emotions
C. Experiences that have been part of the species’ evolutionary history
D. An imbalance among hormone levels

Answer 8

A. The brain’s attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely have the highest total amount of REM sleep?
A. infant human
B. old horse
C. young cow
D. old bear

Answer 9

A. infant human

Question 10

A recent hypothesis proposed that the role of REM is:
A. to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes.
B. to shake the eyeballs back and forth so the individual moves from REM to NREM.
C. no different than the role of NREM.
D. to bring to the surface the individual’s unconscious wishes.

Answer 10

A. to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes.

Question 11

Patients with damage to ____ report no dreams.
A. the upper part of the parietal cortex
B. the lower part of the parietal cortex
C. all layers of the occipital lobe
D. the nonvisual areas of the temporal lobe

Answer 11

B. the lower part of the parietal cortex

Question 12

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy) the content of a person’s dreams if we know what information about the person?
A. concentration of serotonin and acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
B. number and type of emotional experiences during the day
C. stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity
D. time the person went to sleep and the current time

Answer 12

C. stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity

Question 13

How does prolonged sleep deprivation affect human volunteers?
A. It produces death.
B. It decreases later need for sleep.
C. Brain activity increases.
D. It impairs concentration.

Answer 13

D. it impairs concentration.

Question 14

Young adults deprived of a nightÕs sleep show deficits on \_\_\_\_ tasks.
A. verbal
B. sensory
C. memory
D. motor

Answer 14

C. memory

Question 15

Which hypothesis/theory suggests that the primary motor cortex is suppressed so arousal during sleep cannot lead to action?
A. Freud's theory of dreams
B. the repair and restoration theory
C. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis
D. the evolutionary hypothesis

Answer 15

C. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis

Question 16

Which of the following shows a decreased need for sleep?
A. birds during migration
B. mammalian mothers during pregnancy
C. cats during the mating season
D. children when they are ill

Answer 16

A. birds during migration

Question 17

European swifts sleep:
A. after a meal.
B. only in their nest.
C. during flight.
D. only at night.

Answer 17

C. during flight

Question 18

Dreams begin with arousing stimuli, whether generated from the external or internal environment, according to which hypothesis/theory?
A. Freud's theory of dreams
B. the repair and restoration theory
C. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis
D. the evolutionary theory

Answer 18

C. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis

Question 19

If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?
A. The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
B. The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
C. The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep
D. The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep

Answer 19

B. The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep