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Physio Psych > 7.2 > Flashcards

7.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex?

parietal lobe

frontal lobe

hippocampus

limbic cortex

A

parietal lobe

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2
Q

The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ____ cortex.

cingulate, somatosensory

somatosensory, cingulate

fusiform, premotor

premotor, fusiform

A

somatosensory, cingulate

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3
Q

Which of the following drug actions would most likely block the effectiveness of placebos?

blocking capsaicin receptors

blocking endorphin receptors

stimulating substance P receptors

stimulating endorphin receptors

A

blocking endorphin receptors

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4
Q

Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the:

emotion areas of the brain.

hypothalamus.

spinal cord.

somatosensory areas of the cortex.

A

emotion areas of the brain.

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5
Q

The brain chemicals known as endorphins and enkephalins produce effects similar to which substance?

vitamin B-1 (thiamine)

substance P

opiates

amphetamines

A

opiates

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6
Q

The function of the semicircular canals is to:

locate the source of low frequency tones.

locate the source of high frequency tones.

detect movement of the head

establish a sense of direction while traveling.

A

detect movement of the head

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7
Q

A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter ____. A more intense pain also releases ____.

glutamate, substance P

GABA, substance P

glutamate, dopamine

GABA, dopamine

A

glutamate, substance P

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8
Q

Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation?

cochlea and otolith organs

semicircular canals and cochlea

semicircular canals and otolith organs

cerebellum and sinuses

A

semicircular canals and otolith organs

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9
Q

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

cranial

semicircular

vestibular

somatosensory

A

somatosensory

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10
Q

The ____ nucleus of the thalamus is associated with pain perception of the body.

anterior

posterior

ventral posterior

ventral lateral

A

ventral posterior

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11
Q

Someone who has suffered damage to the sensory component of one spinal nerve would lose sensation from:

the contralateral half of the body.

the ipsilateral half of the body.

one ventricle.

one dermatome.

A

one dermatome.

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12
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, relieve pain by:

reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues.

dulling the pain information.

blocking synapses.

numbing the damaged tissue.

A

reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues.

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13
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about various types of somatosensation?

They are produced by varied responses by a single type of receptor.

They involve different receptors, but the spinal cord integrates the information.

They remain separate through the spinal cord, but are interpreted by a single set of cortical neurons.

They are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.

A

They are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.

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14
Q

An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with:

memory.

hearing.

ability to locate where someone was touching them.

balance.

A

ability to locate where someone was touching them.

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15
Q

Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.

choline

potassium

sodium

calcium

A

sodium

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16
Q

Itching is primarily the result of:

bad circulation.

baby powder.

histamine release.

substance P release.

A

histamine release.

17
Q

Morphine is effective in relieving:

pain on the skin.

sharp pain.

slow, dull pain.

pain in the interior of the body.

A

*slow, dull pain.

18
Q

The current view of how endorphins decrease the experience of pain is that they:

deplete the brain of substance P.

block the release of substance P.

block sodium channels in the membrane of certain neurons.

increase the sensitivity of neurons to dopamine.

A

block the release of substance P.

19
Q

In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that:

push against hair cells when move

vibrate with different frequencies.

stabilize the semicircular canals.

enhance sound localization.

A

push against hair cells when move

20
Q

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to:

rapid mechanical pressure.

low frequency sounds.

horizontal head movements.

slow mechanical movements.

A

rapid mechanical pressure.

21
Q

Each spinal nerve has:

either a sensory or a motor component.

both a sensory and a motor component.

connections to most parts of the body.

connections to each of the major internal organs.

A

both a sensory and a motor component.

22
Q

What does the vestibular system detect?

  • the degree of stretch of muscles
  • vibrations on the skin
  • the location of sounds
  • movement of the head
A

movement of the head

23
Q

The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n) ____ component and a ____ component.

  • vestibular; somatosensory
  • visual; vestibular
  • auditory; taste
  • auditory; vestibular
A

auditory; vestibular

24
Q

What is a dermatome?

  • an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
  • an instrument used to record impulses in the spinal cord
  • the point at which sensory nerves make contact with motor nerves
  • an area of the skin that has no touch receptors
A

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

25
Q

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes:

  • the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to move to another canal.
  • the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells.
  • fluid to spill out from the otolith organs into the semicircular canals.
  • hair cells to become stiff and straight.
A

the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells.

26
Q

Pain receptors of the skin are:

  • elaborate neuron endings.
  • also known as Ruffini endings.
  • simple, bare neuron endings.
  • also known as Meissner’s corpuscles.
A

simple, bare neuron endings.

27
Q

What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain?

  • Pain information grows more intense as it passes each synapse on its way to the brain.
  • Non-pain information can inhibit pain information.
  • Intense pain can shut out all other sensory information.
  • The intensity of pain experience depends entirely on the excitability of pain receptors.
A

Non-pain information can inhibit pain information.

Physio Psych (13 decks)

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