10.1

Question 1

Homeothermic organisms include:
A. amphibians and reptiles.
B. reptiles and fish.
C. amphibians and fish.
D. mammals and birds.

Answer 1

D. mammals and birds

Question 2

Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as:
A. negative feedback.
B. positive feedback.
C. homeothermic.
D. thermostasis.

Answer 2

A. negative feedback

Question 3

In humans, a fever above \_\_\_\_ is life-threatening.
A. 37¡C (98¡F)
B. 39¡C (103¡F)
C. 41¡C (109¡F)
D. 36¡C (96¡F)

Answer 3

C. 41 degrees C (109 degrees F)

Question 4

How do adult mammals with damage to the preoptic area regulate their body temperature?
A. physiologically
B. pharmacologically
C. behaviorally
D. not at all

Answer 4

C. behaviorally

Question 5

Some set points may vary considerably over time in order to respond to changes in the environment. This adaptability is known as:
A. homeostasis.
B. allostasis.
C. negative feedback.
D. homeothermic.

Answer 5

B. allostasis

Question 6

What defines a homeostatic process?
A. the regulation of blood flow
B. any process governed by hormones
C. the maintenance of certain body variables within a fixed range
D. reproduction involving distinct male and female genders in a species

Answer 6

C. the maintenance of certain body variables within a fixd range

Question 7

When the range maintained by homeostatic processes is very narrow, what is it called?
A. a set point
B. a match point
C. idiopathic
D. band specific

Answer 7

A. a set point

Question 8

What is the benefit of maintaining a body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius?
A. warmer muscles
B. more protein
C. more blood
D. more body water

Answer 8

A. warmer muscles

Question 9

The physiological changes that defend body temperature are mainly controlled by the:
A. pineal body and preoptic area.
B. preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus.
C. parietal cortex and hypothalamus.
D. preoptic area and posterior hypothalamus.

Answer 9

B. preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus

Question 10

If an experimenter heats the preoptic area of an animal in a cool environment, the animal will:
A. shiver.
B. pant or sweat.
C. luff its fur.
D. decrease its preference for salty tastes.

Answer 10

B. pant or sweat

Question 11

Which organisms, if any, use behavioral means to regulate their body temperature?
A. poikilothermic, but not homeothermic
B. homeothermic, but not poikilothermic
C. both poikilothermic and homeothermic
D. neither poikilothermic nor homeothermic

Answer 11

C. both poikilothermic and homeothermic

Question 12

Cells in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus monitor which temperatures?
A. internal organs
B. their own and the skin
C. differences between the arteries and veins
D. differences between internal organs and the skin

Answer 12

B. their own and the skin

Question 13

One advantage of being homeothermic is that it:
A. reduces the fuel requirements of the body.
B. prevents excessive reliance on a single sensory system.
C. enables the individual to stay active when the environment is cool.
D. decreases the need for shivering and sweating.

Answer 13

C. enables the individual to stay active when the environment is cool.

Question 14

How do reptiles control their body temperature, if at all?
A. They dilate or constrict blood vessels.
B. They move to different locations in their environment.
C. They shiver and sweat.
D. There is nothing they can do.

Answer 14

B. They move to different locations in thier environment.

Question 15

Generating heat is to ____ as radiating heat is to ____.
A. surface area; temperature of the set point
B. total body mass; surface area
C. raising the set point; lowering the set point
D. sweating; shivering

Answer 15

B. total body mass; surface area

Question 16

Much of motivated behavior can be described as:
A. diabetic feedback.
B. negative feedback.
C. positive feedback.
D. homeothermic mechanisms.

Answer 16

B. negative feedback

Question 17

Humans expend most of their energy on what activity?
A. walking, running, and other forms of locomotion
B. in the beating of their hearts and blood circulation
C. propagating action potentials in the billions of neurons in the nervous system
D. maintaining basal metabolism

Answer 17

D. maintaining basal metabolism

Question 18

A fever:
A. develops independently of the preoptic area.
B. is part of the body’s defense against an illness.
C. is an indication that the body is not yet fighting the infection.
D. serves to keep an animal warm during periods of reduced activity.

Answer 18

B. is part of the body’s defense against illness

Question 19

The temperature required by reproductive cells of birds and most mammals is:
A. higher than the rest of the body.
B. lower than the rest of the body.
C. the same as the internal organs of the body.
D. fluctuating in direct opposition to changes in body temperature.

Answer 19

B. lower than the rest of the body

Question 20

Poikilothermic organisms include:
A. humans.
B. most mammals.
C. amphibians and reptiles.
D. all mammals and all fish.

Answer 20

C. amphibians and reptiles

Question 21

Set points for temperature and body fat:
A. are fixed.
B. change with time of year only.
C. only change due to varying internal conditions.
D. change depending on many conditions.

Answer 21

D. change depend on many conditions

Question 22

If an experimenter cools the preoptic area of an animal in a warm environment, the animal will:
A. shiver.
B. pant or sweat.
C. move to a colder environment.
D. decrease its preference for salty tastes.

Answer 22

A. shiver

Question 23

Beyond about 40¡ or 41¡C, \_\_\_ begin to break their bonds and lose their useful properties.
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. cells
D. proteins

Answer 23

D. proteins

Question 24

Poikilothermic organisms have body temperatures which:
A. remain relatively constant no matter the change in the external environment.
B. are the same as the temperatures of their environments.
C. are nearly constant, although the brain temperature varies.
D. allow them to survive in very warm climates only.

Answer 24

B. are the same as the temperatures of their environments