9.1 Flashcards
What are small containers that carry materials between cell compartments and out of the cell?
vesicles
What is the protective barrier that controls what molecules get in and out and helps cells communicate with each other?
cell membrane
What stores genetic information in the form of DNA and where genes get copied to make mRNA?
nucleus
What consists of long protein fibers that give a cell shape and structure and keep organelles in place?
cytoskeleton
What is kidney-shaped with two layers of membranes and breaks down molecules to get energy for the cell?
mitochondria
What are small structures that read messages from the nucleus to build proteins?
ribosomes
Where are lipids and hormones made (smooth) and where some proteins are made (rough)?
endoplasmic reticulum
What gets packages of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, moves them through a series of stacked compartments, and tags proteins based on where they need to go in the cell?
golgi apparatus
What are small compartments filled with digestive enzymes that break down unneeded proteins and damaged cell parts for recycling?
lysosome
What is the function of spongy parenchyma cells?
The plant cells take in carbon dioxide from the air; using energy from the sun, they make it into sugar. Often they store things like nutrients and water.
What do chloroplasts in spongy parenchyma cells do?
Contains chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis.
What is the function of intestinal absorptive cells?
These cells take up nutrients from food. They also are part of a protective barrier that keeps partially digested food inside the intestinal tube and away from sensitive tissues.
What is the role of microvilli in intestinal absorptive cells?
Microvilli add lots of surface area for nutrient absorption.
What is the function of motor neurons?
These cells are part of communication pathways that go from your brain to muscles all over your body. They carry electrical signals, telling muscles when to move.
What do axon and dendrite extensions do in motor neurons?
Axon and dendrite extensions carry and receive electrical signals.
What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?
These cells are the first line of defense against anything harmful you breathe in. They fit tightly together, making a barrier that keeps pathogens like viruses and bacteria out. They also move mucus (and any junk that’s stuck in it) out of the body.
How do cilia function in ciliated epithelial cells?
Cilia move in a wave-like motion to push away mucus & trapped debris.
What is the function of root hair cells?
These cells are part of the outer skin of plant roots. They have a large surface area, which they use to take in water and minerals from the soil.
What is the significance of the large extension in root hair cells?
Large extension increases cell surface area for absorbing water and nutrients.
Which type of cell is more efficient at using energy and resources?
prokaryote
Correct match: prokaryote
Which type of cell reproduces faster?
prokaryote
Correct match: prokaryote
Which type of cell can perform a specialized role in an organism?
eukaryote
Correct match: eukaryote
Which type of cell is found in multicellular organisms?
eukaryote
Correct match: eukaryote
Where is DNA stored in prokaryotes?
DNA is stored in the cytoplasm
Where are digestive enzymes located in prokaryotes?
Digestive enzymes are in the cytoplasm
Can prokaryotes perform photosynthesis?
Some can do photosynthesis, some can not
How many layers of cell membranes can prokaryotes have?
Some have two layers of cell membranes and some have one
Where are proteins made in prokaryotes?
Proteins are always made directly in the cytoplasm
Where is DNA stored in eukaryotes?
DNA is stored in the nucleus
What do enzymes in the mitochondria do in eukaryotes?
Enzymes in the mitochondria break down food/sugar molecules to release energy and transfer it to ATP
What surrounds organelles in eukaryotic cells?
Have membranes that surround smaller compartments in the cell-organelles
How are proteins made in eukaryotes?
Proteins can be made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or be made inside the endoplasmic reticulum, then travel by vesicle to the golgi body for further processing, then travel by vesicle to where they need to go- outside the cell, the membrane or another compartment within the cell.
What do all cells use to get energy?
Get most of their energy through ATP
What does DNA contain?
DNA contains genes, instructions for making molecules in the cell
How does waste leave all cells?
Waste leaves over the cell membrane
What do all cells have to digest larger molecules?
Have enzymes that digest larger waste/food molecules
What small molecules can pass through the cell membrane?
Small molecules like carbon dioxide and oxygen can pass directly through the cell membrane
Where are digestive enzymes stored in animal cells?
Digestive enzymes are stored in lysosomes
Where are digestive enzymes stored in plant cells?
Digestive enzymes are stored in vacuoles
What do chloroplast pigments do in plant cells?
Chloroplast pigments capture energy from the sun to make ATP which they then use to build sugars (photosynthesis)
