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P & P II > Chapter 27 Bone, Cartilage, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas PP > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Bone, Cartilage, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas PP Flashcards

1
Q

Most sarcomas, especially high-grades ones metastasize _______ to the _____

A

hematologically

lung

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2
Q

____ tumors displace soft tissue; intact cortex with sclerotic margins

A

benign

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3
Q

_____ tumors cause soft tissue swelling and bone erosion with poorly defined margins;neoplasm extends into surrounding tissue; single lesions can be imaged on plain radiographs;Bone scans or PET can detect silent lesions;CT,MRI precisely define location of bone tumor and extensions; surgical biopsy

A

malignant

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4
Q

Primary bone tumors are rare but most often found in _____ &_______

A

distal femur and proximal tibia

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5
Q

Most common types of malignant bone tumors are _______ bone tumors

A

metastatic

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6
Q

____ & ____ are most common metastatic sites.

A

Spine and pelvis

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7
Q

______ is used to treat bone mets from prostate cancer

A

Strontium-89

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8
Q

Common primary sites that spread to bone include:

A

Prostate, breast, lung (most common), kidney, and thyroid

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9
Q

Most common malignant primary bone tumor in children, peaks in teen years. 2nd most common in adults

A

osteosarcoma

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10
Q

osteosarcomas most often occur where?

give three examples

A

at the end of long bones

Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Proximal humerus

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11
Q

what is the treatment choice for osteosarcoma

A

surgery and chemo therapy

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12
Q

is osteosarcoma radiosensitive or radioresisitant?

A

radioresistant

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13
Q

does osteosarcomas consist of osteoblastic or osteolytic lessions?

A

osteoblastic

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14
Q

Approx. 85% of osteosarcomas are grade __ or __ at diagnosis

A

3 or 4

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15
Q

what is an unfavorable prognostic sign of osteosarcoma

A

pulmonary mets

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16
Q

what is a chondrosarcoma?

A

malignant tumor of cartilage

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17
Q

Chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in ____

A

adults

18
Q

Chondrosarcoma commonly occurs in what type of bone? give two examples

A

long bones

femur as well as the pelvis

19
Q

what is the primary method of treatment for chondrosarcoma?

A

surgery

20
Q

Chondrosarcoma develops in what age group?

A

30-60 yr olds

21
Q

is Chondrosarcoma chemoresistant or chemosensitve?

A

chemoresistant

22
Q

when is radiation therapy used for Chondrosarcoma

A

when the tumor cannot be completely removed

23
Q

what part of the body is Ewings sarcoma most frequently found

A

lower 1/2 of the body

24
Q

where is Ewings sarcoma most often found?

A

long bones and pelvis

25
Q

what is the peak incidence for Ewings sarcoma?

A

mid teens, rare over 30

26
Q

translocation of what two chromosomes are associated with Ewings sarcoma

A

22 & 11

27
Q

what is the primary treatment for Ewings sarcoma

A

surgery, along with chemo and radiation to achive local control

28
Q

what is Multiple myeloma?

A

malignant disease of the plasma cells

29
Q

where does Multiple myeloma most often arise

A

B-cell lymphocytes of the bone marrow

30
Q

the best treatment for Multiple myeloma is?

A

chemo and radition

31
Q

for Multiple myeloma: chemo is for ___ and radiation is used for _______.

A

cure

palliation

32
Q

what is the radiation dose and # of treatments for Multiple myeloma

A

30 Gy or even less over 10-15 treatments

33
Q

multiple myeloma is can occur in any bone, and is characterized by an ______ lesion

A

osteolytic

34
Q

Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence or absence of soft tissue masses

A

CT scan

35
Q

Used in aggressive bone tumors to distinguish health tissues and neurovascular structures with the tumor tissue

A

MRI

36
Q

Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence of skip metastases

A

PET scan

37
Q

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (solid tumors) arise in which type of cell?

A

Mesenchymal cells

38
Q

Soft Tissue Sarcomas treatment includes:

A

surgery, chemo, and radiaiton therapy

39
Q

for Soft Tissue Sarcomas radiation is most commonly used for ____ or _____

A

preoperative or postoperative

40
Q

what is the main route of spread for Soft Tissue Sarcomas

A

hematologic pathways

41
Q

Soft Tissue Sarcomas most common site of mets

A

lungs

42
Q

average dose for most bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

A

50-60 Gy

P & P II (34 decks)

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