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P & P II > Ch. 38 Skin Cancer & Melanoma PP > Flashcards

Ch. 38 Skin Cancer & Melanoma PP Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy

A

skin cancer

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2
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

2nd most common type of skin cancer

A

SCC

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4
Q

what are considered nonmelanomas

A

BCC and SCC

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5
Q

two most lethal skin cancers

A

melanoma and merkel cell

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6
Q

signs to look for

A

sore that takes longer than 3 weeks to heal
recurrent red patch that is tender or itchy
wart that bleeds or scabs
new growth
change in existing nevus

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7
Q

4 main risk factors

A

geographic location
skin type
multiplicity
gender

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8
Q

individuals with _____ complexions are most likely to develop skin cancer

A

fair

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9
Q

melanoma rate are slightly higher in which gender

A

men

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10
Q

at what age does most skin cancer appear

A

after 50

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11
Q

tanning bed produce which type of rays

A

UVA

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12
Q

which rays damage DNA and its repair system

A

UVB

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13
Q

functions of the skin

A

regulate body temp
acts as a barrier offering protection
production of vitamin D
provides recetors for external stimuli

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14
Q

responsible for differences in skin color in individuals

A

melanin

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15
Q

stimulating hormone is released by the pituitary

A

melanocytes

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16
Q

basal cell carcinoma arises in what cells

A

stratum basale

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17
Q

where does most basal cell carcinoma occur

A

head and neck

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18
Q

basal cell carcinoma is fast or slow growing

A

slow

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19
Q

squamous cell carcinoma arises from

A

upper layers of the epidermis

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20
Q

Smooth, red, or milky lumps with a pearly border, multiple telangiectasia, shiny and pale`

A

basal cell carcinoma

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21
Q

scaly, crusty, slightly elevated session that may have a cutaneous horn

A

squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

merkel cell carcinoma arise in

A

merkel cells

23
Q

melanomas aris from

A

melanocytes located in the strtum basale layter

24
Q

most common site for melaomas from women

A

legs

25
Q

most common site for melanomas for men

A

trunk and face

26
Q

Approximately 70% occur as a result of a change in a preexisting nevus(mole)

A

menanomas

27
Q

ABCD’s of melanoma

A
  • Assymerty
  • Border
  • Color
  • Diameter
  • Change
28
Q

melanoma staging systems

A

clark
breslow
TNM modified

29
Q

clark staging system based on

A

level of invasion through the epidermis and layer of dermis

30
Q

breslow staging system based on

A

tumor thickness from the top of the granular layer of the epidermis

31
Q

(thick or thin) tumor have worse prognosis

A

thick

32
Q

what age group has worse prognosis

A

older

33
Q

tumors located on what area of the body have worse prognosis

A

trunk then head and neck

34
Q

melanomas pattern of spread

A

direct extension
regional lymphatics
distant skin and subcutaneous tissues

35
Q

common mets sites of melanomas

A

lung
liver
bone
brain

36
Q

SCC common mets sites

A

lung

then liver, bone, brain

37
Q

A more precise type of surgery where tissue is removed one layer at a time and examined under a microscope. The microscopic examination of the tissue determines where to obtain the next sample. The process repeats until the tumor is excised completely

A

mohs surgery

38
Q

3 types of melanocytic nevi

A

junctional
compound
intradermal

39
Q

which type of melanocytic nevi is found above the basement membrane

A

junctional

40
Q

which type of melanocytic nevi is found in the dermis and epidermis

A

compound

41
Q

which type of melanocytic nevi is found in the dermal layer

A

intradermal

42
Q

which type of melanocytic nevi is least likely to develop into melanoma?
why?

A

intradermal

possibily due to the dermis not recieve as much UV exposure because it is deeper in skin

43
Q

layers of the epidermis: deepest to superficial

A 
stratum basale (base layer)
stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
stratum granulosum (granular layer)
stratum lucidum (clear layer)
stratum corneum (horny layer)
44
Q

which layer of the skin contains blood and lymphatic vessels

A

dermis

45
Q

are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas reportable diseases

A

no

46
Q

used to fill gaps on uneven surfaces or to bring dose closer to the surface of skin

A

bolus

47
Q

when treating what area may you need to do prophylactic neck irradiation

A

lip

48
Q

what is the mininum spf you should use

A

15

49
Q

when treating the lip you should used a shield to protect the what

A

teeth and gums

50
Q

when treating the nose you should use a wax coated lead strip to protect the

A

nasal septum

P & P II (34 decks)

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