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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 9) Plantar Foot (Part I) > Flashcards

9) Plantar Foot (Part I) Flashcards

1
Q

The rays fo the foot are also known as

A

Toe Units

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2
Q

The 1st ray of the foot is made up of

A

Medial cuneiform

1st metatarsal

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3
Q

The 2nd ray of the foot is made up of

A

Intermediate cuneiform

2nd metatarsal

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4
Q

The 3rd ray of the foot is made up of

A

Lateral cuneiform

3rd metatarsal

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5
Q

The 4th ray of the foot is made up of

A

4th metatarsal

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6
Q

The 5th ray of the foot is made up of

A

5th metatarsal

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7
Q

The layers of skin and subcutaneous fat of the plantar aspect of foot are

A

Thick

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8
Q

Thick layer of subcutaneous fat is prevalent especially over the

A

MTP Joints

Calcaneus

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9
Q

The thick layer of subcutaneous fat is supported by

A

Septa

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10
Q

The deep fascia (plantar aponeurosis/fascia) of the foot attaches to

A

Skin
Bone
Muscles

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11
Q

What 3 bands is the Plantar aponeurosis made of?

A

Medial band
Lateral band
Central band

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12
Q

Characteristics of the medial band of the plantar aponeurosis

A

Thinnest portion of it

Covers Abductor hallucis muscle

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13
Q

Proximal attachment of medial band of plantar aponeurosis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

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14
Q

Distal attachment of medial band of plantar aponeurosis

A

Blends with:

  • Fascia dorsalis pedis
  • Inf band of cruciate crural ligament
  • Central band of plantar aponeurosis
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15
Q

Characteristics of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Covers Abductor digiti minimi and Flexo digiti minimi brevis

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16
Q

Proximal attachment of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Lateral tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity

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17
Q

Distal attachment of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A 
Deep fascia (fascia dorsalis pedis and central band)
Styloid process of 5th metatarsal (calcaneometatarsal ligament)
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18
Q

Characteristics of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Thickest, toughest part of the fascia

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19
Q

Proximal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Posterior calcaneal tuberosity

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20
Q

Distal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Division into 5 bands near metatarsal bases (one for each met)

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21
Q

At each met head, the distal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis divides into

A

Superficial and deep layers

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22
Q

Superficial layer of the Central band attaches to, and is made up of what two fibers?

A

Dermis of the skin

Longitudinal and Transverse fibers

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23
Q

The longitudinal fibers of the superficial layer of the Central band attach to

A

Skin in the sulcus between toes and metatarsals

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24
Q

The transverse fibers of the superficial layer of the Central band attach connect

A

Digital bands together at the level of the MTP joints

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25
The connection of digital bands by the Transverse fibers of the superficial layer of the central band forms the
Superficial Transverse Metatarsal Ligament
26
Deep layer of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis splits into
Medial and Lateral slips
27
Deep layer of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis attaches to/blends with
Bone/flexor sheaths
28
The Medial and Lateral slips of the Deep layer of the Central band attach to
Medial and lateral base of proximal phalanges of corresponding digit Plantar MTP joint ligaments, plantar plate Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
29
The 1st medial slip of the deep layer of the central band attaches to
Sesamoid bones at the 1st MTP joint
30
What structure is important in the Windlass mechanism?
Plantar aponeurosis
31
The Windlass mechanism is a mechanism in which
Plantar fascia acts as a cable. Dorsiflexion of the hallux tightens the cable, shortens the distance between calcaneus and metatarsals, and elevates the medial longitudinal arch
32
Dorsiflexion of the hallux during propulsive phase results in
Winding of the fascia around the head of the metatarsal
33
The essence of the Windlass mechanism principle is
Shortening of the plantar fascia as a result of hallux dorsiflexion
34
What is Plantar Fasciitis?
Inflammation of the central band at its attachment to the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
35
Layer 1 of muscles of the plantar foot include
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi
36
Layer 2 of muscles of the plantar foot include
``` Quadratus plantae (flexor accesories) Lumbricals (all 4) Flexor digitorum longus tendon Flexor hallucis longus tendon ```
37
Layer 3 of muscles of the plantar foot include
Adductor hallucis (Transverse and oblique heads) Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digitorum brevis
38
Layer 4 of muscles of the plantar foot include
``` Plantar interossei (3 of them) Dorsal interossei (4 of them) Tibialis posterior tendon Fibularis longus tendon ```
39
The muscles of layers 3 and 4 are located in
Forefoot
40
Lateral plantar artery/vein/nerve path in plantar foot
Pass between layers 1 and 2
41
Medial plantar artery/vein/nerve path in plantar foot
Pass within layer 1 Between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis (Deep to abductor hallucis)
42
Medial plantar artery/vein/nerve MAY also pass between
Layers 1 and 2
43
Both plantar arteries are located
OUTSIDE of the nerves
44
Lateral plantar artery location
Lateral to the lateral plantar nerve
45
Medial plantar artery location
Medial to the medial plantar nerve
46
How many muscular compartments are there in the plantar aspect of the foot?
9 muscular compartments
47
The medial muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by
Plantar aponeurosis Medial IM septum 1st metatarsal
48
The medial muscular compartment of the plantar foot contains
Abductor hallucis brevis Flexor hallucis brevis FHL tendon Medial plantar nerve/artery
49
The lateral muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by
Plantar aponeurosis Lateral IM septum 5th metatarsal
50
The lateral muscular compartment of the plantar foot contains
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Lateral plantar nerve/artery
51
The central muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by
Both intermuscular septa Plantar aponeurosis Inferior interosseous fascia
52
How are subdivisions of the central compartment arranged?
Separated by fascial layers
53
Superficial central subdivison of the central compartment contains
FDB and lumbricals | Tendon of FDL
54
Deep central (adductor) subdivison of the central compartment is found in/contains
Found in the forefoot | Adductor hallucis
55
Calcaneal (dep hindfoot) subdivison of the central compartment contains
QP muscle | Lateral plantar nerve/artery
56
The 4 interosseus compartments are formed by
Dorsal and Plantar interossei (separate compartments)
57
The 4 interosseus compartments contain
Associated nerves and vessels
58
The dorsal compartment of the plantar aspect of the foot contains
Tendons of the extensor muscles
59
Attachments of the medial IM septum
From Calcaneus to the 1st met head
60
Attachments of the lateral IM septum
From Calcaneus to the 5th met head
61
Both IM septa attach to
Other tarsal bones
62
Abductor hallucis characteristics
Visible/palpable on medial side of foot | Forms boundary for porta pedis
63
Origin of Abductor hallucis
Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity Flexor retinaculum Plantar fascia IM septum
64
Insertion of Abductor hallucis
Medial tubercle base of proximal phalanx of hallux | Medial sesamoid
65
Blood supply and Innervation to Abductor hallucis
Medial plantar artery and nerve
66
Function of Abductor hallucis
Abduction of hallux | Also plantarflexion of hallux
67
Origin of Flexor digitorum brevis
Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis IM septum
68
Insertion of Flexor digitorum brevis
Planter aspect of the bases of middle phalanges 2-5
69
Relationship between FDB and FDL tendons
Tendons of Flexor digitum brevis are located plantar to FDL tendons Split to allow them to pass
70
Blood supply and innervation to Flexor digitorum brevis
Medial plantar artery and nerve
71
Function of Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexion of digits 2-5 (PIP and MTP joints)
72
Origin of Abductor digiti minimi (quinti)
Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis IM septum
73
Insertion of Abductor digiti minimi
Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
74
Blood supply and innervation to Abductor digiti minimi
Lateral plantar artery and nerve | inferior calcaneal nerve and Baxter's nerve
75
Function of Abductor digiti minimi
Abduction of 5th toe | Plantarflexion of 5th toe

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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