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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 9) Plantar Foot (Part I) > Flashcards

9) Plantar Foot (Part I) Flashcards

1
Q

The rays fo the foot are also known as

A

Toe Units

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2
Q

The 1st ray of the foot is made up of

A

Medial cuneiform

1st metatarsal

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3
Q

The 2nd ray of the foot is made up of

A

Intermediate cuneiform

2nd metatarsal

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4
Q

The 3rd ray of the foot is made up of

A

Lateral cuneiform

3rd metatarsal

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5
Q

The 4th ray of the foot is made up of

A

4th metatarsal

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6
Q

The 5th ray of the foot is made up of

A

5th metatarsal

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7
Q

The layers of skin and subcutaneous fat of the plantar aspect of foot are

A

Thick

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8
Q

Thick layer of subcutaneous fat is prevalent especially over the

A

MTP Joints

Calcaneus

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9
Q

The thick layer of subcutaneous fat is supported by

A

Septa

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10
Q

The deep fascia (plantar aponeurosis/fascia) of the foot attaches to

A

Skin
Bone
Muscles

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11
Q

What 3 bands is the Plantar aponeurosis made of?

A

Medial band
Lateral band
Central band

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12
Q

Characteristics of the medial band of the plantar aponeurosis

A

Thinnest portion of it

Covers Abductor hallucis muscle

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13
Q

Proximal attachment of medial band of plantar aponeurosis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

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14
Q

Distal attachment of medial band of plantar aponeurosis

A

Blends with:

  • Fascia dorsalis pedis
  • Inf band of cruciate crural ligament
  • Central band of plantar aponeurosis
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15
Q

Characteristics of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Covers Abductor digiti minimi and Flexo digiti minimi brevis

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16
Q

Proximal attachment of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Lateral tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity

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17
Q

Distal attachment of the Lateral band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A 
Deep fascia (fascia dorsalis pedis and central band)
Styloid process of 5th metatarsal (calcaneometatarsal ligament)
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18
Q

Characteristics of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Thickest, toughest part of the fascia

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19
Q

Proximal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Posterior calcaneal tuberosity

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20
Q

Distal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis

A

Division into 5 bands near metatarsal bases (one for each met)

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21
Q

At each met head, the distal attachment of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis divides into

A

Superficial and deep layers

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22
Q

Superficial layer of the Central band attaches to, and is made up of what two fibers?

A

Dermis of the skin

Longitudinal and Transverse fibers

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23
Q

The longitudinal fibers of the superficial layer of the Central band attach to

A

Skin in the sulcus between toes and metatarsals

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24
Q

The transverse fibers of the superficial layer of the Central band attach connect

A

Digital bands together at the level of the MTP joints

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25
Q

The connection of digital bands by the Transverse fibers of the superficial layer of the central band forms the

A

Superficial Transverse Metatarsal Ligament

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26
Q

Deep layer of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis splits into

A

Medial and Lateral slips

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27
Q

Deep layer of the Central band of the Plantar aponeurosis attaches to/blends with

A

Bone/flexor sheaths

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28
Q

The Medial and Lateral slips of the Deep layer of the Central band attach to

A

Medial and lateral base of proximal phalanges of corresponding digit
Plantar MTP joint ligaments, plantar plate
Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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29
Q

The 1st medial slip of the deep layer of the central band attaches to

A

Sesamoid bones at the 1st MTP joint

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30
Q

What structure is important in the Windlass mechanism?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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31
Q

The Windlass mechanism is a mechanism in which

A

Plantar fascia acts as a cable. Dorsiflexion of the hallux tightens the cable, shortens the distance between calcaneus and metatarsals, and elevates the medial longitudinal arch

32
Q

Dorsiflexion of the hallux during propulsive phase results in

A

Winding of the fascia around the head of the metatarsal

33
Q

The essence of the Windlass mechanism principle is

A

Shortening of the plantar fascia as a result of hallux dorsiflexion

34
Q

What is Plantar Fasciitis?

A

Inflammation of the central band at its attachment to the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

35
Q

Layer 1 of muscles of the plantar foot include

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

36
Q

Layer 2 of muscles of the plantar foot include

A 
Quadratus plantae (flexor accesories)
Lumbricals (all 4)
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
37
Q

Layer 3 of muscles of the plantar foot include

A

Adductor hallucis (Transverse and oblique heads)
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis

38
Q

Layer 4 of muscles of the plantar foot include

A 
Plantar interossei (3 of them)
Dorsal interossei (4 of them)
Tibialis posterior tendon
Fibularis longus tendon
39
Q

The muscles of layers 3 and 4 are located in

40
Q

Lateral plantar artery/vein/nerve path in plantar foot

A

Pass between layers 1 and 2

41
Q

Medial plantar artery/vein/nerve path in plantar foot

A

Pass within layer 1
Between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
(Deep to abductor hallucis)

42
Q

Medial plantar artery/vein/nerve MAY also pass between

A

Layers 1 and 2

43
Q

Both plantar arteries are located

A

OUTSIDE of the nerves

44
Q

Lateral plantar artery location

A

Lateral to the lateral plantar nerve

45
Q

Medial plantar artery location

A

Medial to the medial plantar nerve

46
Q

How many muscular compartments are there in the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

9 muscular compartments

47
Q

The medial muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by

A

Plantar aponeurosis
Medial IM septum
1st metatarsal

48
Q

The medial muscular compartment of the plantar foot contains

A

Abductor hallucis brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
FHL tendon
Medial plantar nerve/artery

49
Q

The lateral muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by

A

Plantar aponeurosis
Lateral IM septum
5th metatarsal

50
Q

The lateral muscular compartment of the plantar foot contains

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Lateral plantar nerve/artery

51
Q

The central muscular compartment of the plantar foot is formed by

A

Both intermuscular septa
Plantar aponeurosis
Inferior interosseous fascia

52
Q

How are subdivisions of the central compartment arranged?

A

Separated by fascial layers

53
Q

Superficial central subdivison of the central compartment contains

A

FDB and lumbricals

Tendon of FDL

54
Q

Deep central (adductor) subdivison of the central compartment is found in/contains

A

Found in the forefoot

Adductor hallucis

55
Q

Calcaneal (dep hindfoot) subdivison of the central compartment contains

A

QP muscle

Lateral plantar nerve/artery

56
Q

The 4 interosseus compartments are formed by

A

Dorsal and Plantar interossei (separate compartments)

57
Q

The 4 interosseus compartments contain

A

Associated nerves and vessels

58
Q

The dorsal compartment of the plantar aspect of the foot contains

A

Tendons of the extensor muscles

59
Q

Attachments of the medial IM septum

A

From Calcaneus to the 1st met head

60
Q

Attachments of the lateral IM septum

A

From Calcaneus to the 5th met head

61
Q

Both IM septa attach to

A

Other tarsal bones

62
Q

Abductor hallucis characteristics

A

Visible/palpable on medial side of foot

Forms boundary for porta pedis

63
Q

Origin of Abductor hallucis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
Flexor retinaculum
Plantar fascia
IM septum

64
Q

Insertion of Abductor hallucis

A

Medial tubercle base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Medial sesamoid

65
Q

Blood supply and Innervation to Abductor hallucis

A

Medial plantar artery and nerve

66
Q

Function of Abductor hallucis

A

Abduction of hallux

Also plantarflexion of hallux

67
Q

Origin of Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
Plantar aponeurosis
IM septum

68
Q

Insertion of Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Planter aspect of the bases of middle phalanges 2-5

69
Q

Relationship between FDB and FDL tendons

A

Tendons of Flexor digitum brevis are located plantar to FDL tendons
Split to allow them to pass

70
Q

Blood supply and innervation to Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Medial plantar artery and nerve

71
Q

Function of Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Flexion of digits 2-5 (PIP and MTP joints)

72
Q

Origin of Abductor digiti minimi (quinti)

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity
Plantar aponeurosis
IM septum

73
Q

Insertion of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

74
Q

Blood supply and innervation to Abductor digiti minimi

A

Lateral plantar artery and nerve

inferior calcaneal nerve and Baxter’s nerve

75
Q

Function of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abduction of 5th toe

Plantarflexion of 5th toe

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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