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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 10) Plantar Foot (Part II) > Flashcards

10) Plantar Foot (Part II) Flashcards

1
Q

The 2nd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot contains

A 
5 muscles (4 lumbircals and quadratus plantae)
2 tendons (FDL and FHL)
*all muscles attach to FDL*
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2
Q

Characteristics of Quadratus plantae (Flexor accessorius)

A 
Deep to Flexor digitorum brevis
2 heads (origins)
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3
Q

Origins of Medial and Lateral head of Quadratus plantae

A

Medial surface of calcaneus (Medial)

Trigonum plantare and Inferior calcaneus distal to lateral tubercle

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4
Q

Origins of Quadratus plantae separated by

A

Long plantar ligament

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5
Q

Insertion of Quadratus plantae

A

Heads unit to insert onto FDL tendon

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6
Q

Blood supply to Quadratus plantae

A

Medial and Lateral plantar arteries

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7
Q

Innervation to Quadratus plantae

A

Lateral plantar nerve

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8
Q

Function of Quadratus plantae

A

Redirecting line of pull of FDL

Assisting in flexion of phalanges

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9
Q

Characteristics of lumbricals (Lumbricale muscles)

A

1 - Unipennate

2, 3, 4 - Bipennate

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10
Q

Origin of 1st lumbrical

A

Medial side of `1st tendon of FDL (which goes to 2nd digit)

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11
Q

Origin of 2nd-4th lumbrical

A

Adjacent tendons

For 3rd lumbrical (medial side of 3rd and lateral side of 2nd)

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12
Q

Path of tendons of lumbricals

A

Distally, they pass plantar to the transverse metatarsal ligament

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13
Q

Inesrtion of lumbricals

A

Medial aspect of extensor wing of extensor expansion at base of proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
(1st lumbrical to 2nd digit, etc.)

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14
Q

Blood supply to lumbricals

A

Respective plantar metatarsal arteries

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15
Q

Innervation to lumbricals

A 
1st lumbrical (Medial plantar nerve)
2nd-4th lumbrical (Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve)
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16
Q

Function of lumbricals

A

Flexion of MTP joints

Extension of PIP and DIP joints

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17
Q

Origin of Flexor hallucis brevis (2 heads)

A

Lateral (Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform)

Medial (Tibialis posterior tendon)

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18
Q

Insertion of Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Medial and lateral base of proximal phalanx

Invest respective hallux sesamoids before phalangeal insertion

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19
Q

Halux sesamoids and FHB

A

Sesamoids increase the mechanical advantage of FHB

Act as weightbearing structures and decrease friction

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20
Q

Blood supply to Flexor hallucis brevis

A

1st plantar metatarsal artery

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21
Q

Innervation to Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve

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22
Q

Function of flexor hallucis brevis

A

Plantarflexion of hallux MTP joint

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23
Q

Origin of Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

Tendon sheath of fibularis longus

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24
Q

Insertion of Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Plantar/lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

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25
Blood supply to Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Lateral plantar artery
26
Innervation to Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Superficial branch of Lateral plantar nerve
27
Function of Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Plantarflexion of 5th digit at MTP joint
28
Origin of Adductor hallucis heads
Transverse (Fibrous capsule, Plantar plates of digits 3-5, Deep transverse metatarsal ligament) Oblique (Plantar aspect of metatarsal bases 2-4, Fibulari longus tendon sheath)
29
Insertion of Adductor hallucis
Lateral sesamoid | Lateral aspect of proximal phalanx base of 1st digit
30
Blood supply to Adductor hallucis
Plantar metatarsal arteries
31
Innervation to Adductor hallucis
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
32
Function of Adductor hallucis
Adduction of hallux
33
Origin of Opponens digiti minimi
Base of 5th metatarsal Long plantar ligament FDMB
34
Insertion of Opponens digiti minimi
Lateral shaft of 5th metatarsal and surrounding fascia
35
Function of Opponens digiti minimi
Abduction and flexion of 5th toe
36
The 4th layer of the Plantar aspect of the foot has how many muscle groups?
2 | Dorsal and Plantar Interossei
37
Dorsal/plantar interossei are located
Within metatarsal spaces (no association with hallux)
38
Path of tendons of dorsal/plantar interossei
Dorsal to deep transverse metatarsal ligament
39
of interossei
3 Plantar | 4 Dorsal
40
PAD DAB
Plantar ADducts | Dorsal ABducts
41
What tendons in 4th layer?
Tibialis posterior | Fibularis longus
42
Characteristics of Plantar Interossei muscles
3 in number Assoc. with digits 3, 4, 5 Unipennate
43
Origin of Plantar interosseus muscles
Base and medial aspect of shafts of metatarsals 3, 4, 5
44
Inserion of Plantar interosseus muscles
Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx | Extensor expansion of the same digit
45
How is the origin/ insertion of Plantar interossei organized?
``` 1st plantar interossei originates from 3rd met Inserts onto proximal phalanx/extensor expansion of 3rd digit 2nd PI (4th digit) 3rd PI (5th digit) ```
46
Blood supply to Plantar interossei muscles
Plantar metatarsal arteries 2-4
47
Innervation to Plantar interossei muscles
``` Lateral plantar nerve Superficial branch (3rd PI) Deep branch (1st and 2nd PI) ```
48
Function of Plantar interossei muscles
Adduction of digits 3-5 toward foot midline Plantarflexion 3-5 MTP joint Ext (dorsiflexion) of IP joints 3-5
49
Characteristics of Dorsal interossei muscles
``` 4 in number Assoc. with digits 2-4 Digit 2***** has two dorsal interossei inserting BIpennate Located within intermetatarsal space ```
50
Origin of Dorsal interossei muscles
Adjacent metatarsal shafts
51
How is the origin of Dorsal interossei organized?
1st DI originates at lateral aspect of 1st met shaft and medial aspect of 2nd
52
Insertion of Dorsal interossei
``` 1st DI (medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of 2nd digit) 2nd-4th DI (lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of corresponding digit) ```
53
How is the insertion of Dorsal interossei organized?
2nd DI inserts on lateral base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of digit 2 3rd - Digit 3 Etc.
54
Blood supply to Dorsal interossei muscles
Corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery
55
Innervation to Dorsal interossei muscles
Lateral plantar nerve
56
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates
1st, 2nd, 3rd DI
57
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates
4th DI
58
1st and 2nd DI also receive innervation from
Deep fibular nerve
59
Function of Dorsal interossei muscles
Abduction of digits 2-4 Plantarflexion of MTP joints Ext (dorsiflexion) of IP joints
60
IM spaces, DI, and PI
Write out on paper (too much for here)
61
What keeps the tendons anchored to the bone?
Fibrous flexor sheath
62
FHL, FDB, and FDL are surrounded by
Synovial sheath (to reduce friction)
63
Vincula brevia and Vincula longa???
idk
64
The Extensor Expansion is
A tendinofibroaponeurotic structure that is involved in the extensor function of the digits
65
The extensor expansion is formed by
``` Extrinsic muscles (EDL and EHL) Intrinsic muscles (EDB, lumbricals, interossei) ```
66
Other than providing the extensor function to digits, the Extensor expansion also
Stabilizes ligaments via Sling and wing Triangular lamina
67
The extensor sling is located
proximally
68
Fibers of the extensor sling
Transversely oriented | Pass around MTP joint
69
The extensor sling attaches
Plantar plate and deep transverse metatarsal ligament
70
What inserts into the extensor sling?
Interossei muscles
71
The extensor sling anchors
EDL (allows it to extend all digits)
72
The extensor wing makes up
The distal portion of the extensor expansion
73
Fibers of the extensor wing
``` Oriented obliquely (triangular shaped) Located at proximal phalanx ```
74
What inserts into the medial side of the extensor wing?
Lumbricals
75
EDL tendon characteristics
Form central axis of extensor expansion | Stabilized by sling at MTP joint
76
EDL tendons divide
Into 3 slips at MTP joint (some say proximal phalanx)
77
What are the slips of the EDL tendon?
Medial, Lateral, and Central
78
Path of Medial and Lateral slips of the EDL tendons
Extend over dorsum of middle phalanx | Insert into base of distal phalanx as a terminal tendon
79
Path of Middle slip of the EDL tendons
Inserts into base of middle phalanx
80
Location of Triangular lamina
Between lateral slips of EDL
81
Function of triangular lamina
Not known
82
The triangular lamina is believed to anchor
Medial and lateral slips (keeps them from sliding plantarward)
83
EDB tendons can take two paths:
Joining the EDL tendon OR Forming lateral slip instead
84
The EHB attaches
To the base of the proximal phalanx
85
Lumbrical tendons path
Tendons pass plantar to deep transverse metatarsal ligament Inserts into wing May form medial slip
86
Insertion of the lumbrical tendon into the wing allows for
Flexion of the MTP joint | Extension of the IP joints
87
Interosseus tendons path
Tendons pass dorsal to deep transverse metatarsal ligament Insert into base of proximal phalanx at tubercle Inserts into extensor apparatus at the sling (semi-disputed)

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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