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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 5) Anterior Compartment of the Leg > Flashcards

5) Anterior Compartment of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior compartment of the leg

A

Enclosed by dense fascia, bone, IO membrane

susceptible to compartment syndrome

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2
Q

Blood supply to Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Anterior tibial artery

terminal branch of popliteal

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3
Q

Innervation to muscle of Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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4
Q

Tendons of muscles of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Surrounded by synovial sheath as they pass ankle

visible/palpable over ankle with contraction

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5
Q

Function of muscles of Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

Extend digits

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6
Q

Tibialis Anterior characteristics

A

Largest anterior muscle
Visible and palpable proximally
Tendon palpable and visible as it crosses ankle joint

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7
Q

Origin of Tibialis Anterior

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibial shaft
IO membrane
Crural fascia

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8
Q

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior

A

Medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform

Medial plantar surface of 1st met base (metatarsal tubercle)

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9
Q

Function of Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflex/Invert foot

Supinate subtalar joint

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10
Q

Origin of Extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Superior 3/4 fibular shaft
IP membrane
Crural fascia

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11
Q

Insertion of Extensor digitorum longus

A

Tendons divide into 4 slips (digits 2-5)

Insert on dorsal surface of bases of 2nd-5th middle and distal phalanges

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12
Q

Insertion of EDL contributes to

A

Extensor expansion over digits (2-5)

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13
Q

Function of Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Digit extension: dorsiflexion (prox/distal IP and MTP joints)
Helps with dorsiflexion/eversion (subtalar pronation)

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14
Q

Extensor hallucis longus characteristics

A

DEEP to TA and EDL (superficial at distal leg/ankle)

Tendon BETWEEN TA and EDL and ankle joint

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15
Q

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Middle 1/3 of anteromedial aspect of middle fibular shaft and IO membrane
Origin more distal than TA and EDL

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16
Q

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

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17
Q

Function of Extensor Hallucis Logus

A

Extension (dorsiflexion) of 1st digit (hallux)

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18
Q

Origin of Extensor hallucis capsularis

A

Medial aspect of EHL tendon or muscle (sometimes TA)

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19
Q

Insertion of Extensor hallucis longus

A

Dorsomedial aspect of 1st MPJ capsule

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20
Q

Function of Extensor hallucis capsularis

A

Tension capsules during extension preventing capsular impingement

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21
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

May be absent

Passes anterior to lateral malleolus

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22
Q

Origin of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Inferior 1/4 of medial fibular shaft
IO membrane
(may also originate from EDL muscle)

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23
Q

Insertion of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Dorsal aspect of base and shaft of 5th metatarsal

sometimes base of 4th metatarsal

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24
Q

Function of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Dorsiflexion/Eversion of foot

Subtalar pronation

25
Tibialis Anterior Synovial Sheath path
Begins: prox to superior extensor retinaculum (transverse crural ligament) Ends: between oblique bands of inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate crural ligament)
26
Tibialis anterior synovial sheath characteristics
Begins/ends most proximally | Within superior extensor retinaculum on oblique supermedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum
27
Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath path
Begins: immediately proximal to oblique superomedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum (medial malleolus level) Ends: 1st metatarsal base
28
Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath characteristics
Within inferior extensor retinaculum | Ends most distally
29
Extensor digitorum Longus/Fibular tertius path
Beings: proximal to oblique superomedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum Ends: level of 5th metatarsal base
30
Extensor digitorum Longus/Fibular tertius characteristics
Both share synovial sheath (4 EDL tendons | 1 FT tendon) Within inferior extensor retinaculum
31
Extensor Retinacula
Holds extensor tendons in place over extensor surface of ankle joint
32
Superior extensor retinaculum
AKA: Transverse crural ligament Thickening of crural fascia Attaches to anterior aspect of tibia and fibula distal shafts
33
Superior extensor retinaculum content
``` TA Rest (pass deep) ```
34
Inferior extensor retinaculum
AKA: Cruciate crural ligament | Thickening of crural fascia and deep fascia over foot dorsum
35
Inferior extensor retinaculum structure
Y shaped band (stem and 2 oblique medial bands)
36
Stem of the Y shaped band
Lateral | Frondiform ligament
37
Lateral attachment of Inferior extensor retinaculum
Frondiform ligament | Lateral talar neck and superior calcaneus within sinus tarsi
38
Medial attachment of Inferior extensor retinaculum
Anterior aspect of distal medial malleolus (olblique superomedial band) Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform/navicular (oblique inferomedial band)
39
Inferior extensor retinaculum is continuous with
Inferior fibular retinaculum
40
Inferior extensor retinaculum content
Tendons of anterior compartment muscles | pass within
41
Entry of Anterior Tibial artery into Anterior compartment
Through proximal opening of IO membrane into Anterior compartment
42
Path of Anterior Tibial Artery
Located between TA and ED (prox leg) Between TA and EHL (distal leg) EHL tendon crosses over artery at distal ankle
43
Anterior tibial becomes
Dorsalis pedis after ankle | between EDL and EHL
44
Small anterior tibial can be replaced by
Perf branches from posterior tibial and perforating fibular artery
45
Anterior Tibial artery branches off popliteal
Near inferior border of popliteus. Through superior opening of IO membrane and into Anterior compartment
46
Branches of Anterior Tibial artery
``` Post Tib Recurrent Ant Tib Recurrent Musc branches Ant Med Malleolar artery Ant Lat Malleolar artery Dorsalis pedis (continuation of Ant Tibial) ```
47
Venous flow in Anterior Compartment
Anterior Tib + Post Tib to Pop Vein to Fem Vein
48
Deep fibular nerve root level
(L4-S1) | Branches from common fibular in lateral compartment
49
Path of Deep Fibular nerve
Enters through anterior IM septum into anterior compartment | Descends along anterior surface of IO membrane (with Ant Tib artery)
50
Deep Fibular nerve orientation
Leg and ankle: Lateral to artery | Enters dorsum of foot deep to extensor retinacula
51
Deep fibular nerve supplies
Anterior compartment and foot dorsum muscles
52
Branches of Deep fibular nerve
Lateral terminal branch (follows lateral tarsal or arcuate arteries) Medial terminal branch (continuation of deep fibular)
53
Lateral terminal branch of deep fibular nerve
innervates EHB and EDB | Joints of lateral foot
54
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve
Communicates with superficial fibular nerve | comm branch of superficial fibular nerve
55
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve follows
Dorsalis pedis and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries
56
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates
1st dorsal interossei muscle | Joints of medial foot
57
Branches of medial terminal branch
Proper dorsal digital nerve 2 | Proper dorsal digital nerve 3
58
Proper dorsal digital nerves 2-3 innervate
Cutaneous to dorsolateral hallux (2) Cutaneous to dorsomedial 2nd toe (3)
59
Toe tips are innervated by
Nerves from plantar aspect of the foot

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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