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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 5) Anterior Compartment of the Leg > Flashcards

5) Anterior Compartment of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior compartment of the leg

A

Enclosed by dense fascia, bone, IO membrane

susceptible to compartment syndrome

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2
Q

Blood supply to Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Anterior tibial artery

terminal branch of popliteal

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3
Q

Innervation to muscle of Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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4
Q

Tendons of muscles of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Surrounded by synovial sheath as they pass ankle

visible/palpable over ankle with contraction

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5
Q

Function of muscles of Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

Extend digits

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6
Q

Tibialis Anterior characteristics

A

Largest anterior muscle
Visible and palpable proximally
Tendon palpable and visible as it crosses ankle joint

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7
Q

Origin of Tibialis Anterior

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibial shaft
IO membrane
Crural fascia

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8
Q

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior

A

Medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform

Medial plantar surface of 1st met base (metatarsal tubercle)

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9
Q

Function of Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflex/Invert foot

Supinate subtalar joint

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10
Q

Origin of Extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Superior 3/4 fibular shaft
IP membrane
Crural fascia

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11
Q

Insertion of Extensor digitorum longus

A

Tendons divide into 4 slips (digits 2-5)

Insert on dorsal surface of bases of 2nd-5th middle and distal phalanges

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12
Q

Insertion of EDL contributes to

A

Extensor expansion over digits (2-5)

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13
Q

Function of Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Digit extension: dorsiflexion (prox/distal IP and MTP joints)
Helps with dorsiflexion/eversion (subtalar pronation)

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14
Q

Extensor hallucis longus characteristics

A

DEEP to TA and EDL (superficial at distal leg/ankle)

Tendon BETWEEN TA and EDL and ankle joint

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15
Q

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Middle 1/3 of anteromedial aspect of middle fibular shaft and IO membrane
Origin more distal than TA and EDL

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16
Q

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

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17
Q

Function of Extensor Hallucis Logus

A

Extension (dorsiflexion) of 1st digit (hallux)

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18
Q

Origin of Extensor hallucis capsularis

A

Medial aspect of EHL tendon or muscle (sometimes TA)

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19
Q

Insertion of Extensor hallucis longus

A

Dorsomedial aspect of 1st MPJ capsule

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20
Q

Function of Extensor hallucis capsularis

A

Tension capsules during extension preventing capsular impingement

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21
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

May be absent

Passes anterior to lateral malleolus

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22
Q

Origin of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Inferior 1/4 of medial fibular shaft
IO membrane
(may also originate from EDL muscle)

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23
Q

Insertion of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Dorsal aspect of base and shaft of 5th metatarsal

sometimes base of 4th metatarsal

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24
Q

Function of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

Dorsiflexion/Eversion of foot

Subtalar pronation

25
Q

Tibialis Anterior Synovial Sheath path

A

Begins: prox to superior extensor retinaculum (transverse crural ligament)
Ends: between oblique bands of inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate crural ligament)

26
Q

Tibialis anterior synovial sheath characteristics

A

Begins/ends most proximally

Within superior extensor retinaculum on oblique supermedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum

27
Q

Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath path

A

Begins: immediately proximal to oblique superomedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum (medial malleolus level)
Ends: 1st metatarsal base

28
Q

Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath characteristics

A

Within inferior extensor retinaculum

Ends most distally

29
Q

Extensor digitorum Longus/Fibular tertius path

A

Beings: proximal to oblique superomedial band of inferior extensor retinaculum
Ends: level of 5th metatarsal base

30
Q

Extensor digitorum Longus/Fibular tertius characteristics

A

Both share synovial sheath
(4 EDL tendons | 1 FT tendon)
Within inferior extensor retinaculum

31
Q

Extensor Retinacula

A

Holds extensor tendons in place over extensor surface of ankle joint

32
Q

Superior extensor retinaculum

A

AKA: Transverse crural ligament
Thickening of crural fascia
Attaches to anterior aspect of tibia and fibula distal shafts

33
Q

Superior extensor retinaculum content

A 
TA
Rest (pass deep)
34
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum

A

AKA: Cruciate crural ligament

Thickening of crural fascia and deep fascia over foot dorsum

35
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum structure

A

Y shaped band (stem and 2 oblique medial bands)

36
Q

Stem of the Y shaped band

A

Lateral

Frondiform ligament

37
Q

Lateral attachment of Inferior extensor retinaculum

A

Frondiform ligament

Lateral talar neck and superior calcaneus within sinus tarsi

38
Q

Medial attachment of Inferior extensor retinaculum

A

Anterior aspect of distal medial malleolus (olblique superomedial band)
Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform/navicular (oblique inferomedial band)

39
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum is continuous with

A

Inferior fibular retinaculum

40
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum content

A

Tendons of anterior compartment muscles

pass within

41
Q

Entry of Anterior Tibial artery into Anterior compartment

A

Through proximal opening of IO membrane into Anterior compartment

42
Q

Path of Anterior Tibial Artery

A

Located between TA and ED (prox leg)
Between TA and EHL (distal leg)
EHL tendon crosses over artery at distal ankle

43
Q

Anterior tibial becomes

A

Dorsalis pedis after ankle

between EDL and EHL

44
Q

Small anterior tibial can be replaced by

A

Perf branches from posterior tibial and perforating fibular artery

45
Q

Anterior Tibial artery branches off popliteal

A

Near inferior border of popliteus. Through superior opening of IO membrane and into Anterior compartment

46
Q

Branches of Anterior Tibial artery

A 
Post Tib Recurrent
Ant Tib Recurrent
Musc branches
Ant Med Malleolar artery
Ant Lat Malleolar artery
Dorsalis pedis (continuation of Ant Tibial)
47
Q

Venous flow in Anterior Compartment

A

Anterior Tib + Post Tib to Pop Vein to Fem Vein

48
Q

Deep fibular nerve root level

A

(L4-S1)

Branches from common fibular in lateral compartment

49
Q

Path of Deep Fibular nerve

A

Enters through anterior IM septum into anterior compartment

Descends along anterior surface of IO membrane (with Ant Tib artery)

50
Q

Deep Fibular nerve orientation

A

Leg and ankle: Lateral to artery

Enters dorsum of foot deep to extensor retinacula

51
Q

Deep fibular nerve supplies

A

Anterior compartment and foot dorsum muscles

52
Q

Branches of Deep fibular nerve

A

Lateral terminal branch (follows lateral tarsal or arcuate arteries)
Medial terminal branch (continuation of deep fibular)

53
Q

Lateral terminal branch of deep fibular nerve

A

innervates EHB and EDB

Joints of lateral foot

54
Q

Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve

A

Communicates with superficial fibular nerve

comm branch of superficial fibular nerve

55
Q

Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve follows

A

Dorsalis pedis and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries

56
Q

Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates

A

1st dorsal interossei muscle

Joints of medial foot

57
Q

Branches of medial terminal branch

A

Proper dorsal digital nerve 2

Proper dorsal digital nerve 3

58
Q

Proper dorsal digital nerves 2-3 innervate

A

Cutaneous to dorsolateral hallux (2)

Cutaneous to dorsomedial 2nd toe (3)

59
Q

Toe tips are innervated by

A

Nerves from plantar aspect of the foot

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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