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Lower Extremity Anatomy > 2) Posterior Leg Part I > Flashcards

2) Posterior Leg Part I Flashcards

1
Q

The fascial compartments of the leg are formed by

A

Tibia and FIbula
IM septa
Interosseus membrane

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2
Q

The anterior compartment of the leg includes

A

Extensors of ankle (foot and toes)
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Anterior tibial artery

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3
Q

The posterior compartment of the leg includes

A

Flexors of ankle and toes
Tibial nerve
Posterior Tibial and Fibular arteries

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4
Q

The lateral compartment of the leg includes

A

EVERTORS of ankle
Superficial Fibular nerve
Perforating branches of Anterior Tibial and Fibular Arteries

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5
Q

Small saphenous arises from

A

Dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein)

and dorsal vein of 5th digit

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6
Q

Small saphenous vein is posterior to?

A

Lateral malleolus

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7
Q

Small saphenous vein drains into

A

Polpliteal vein

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8
Q

Small saphenous vein travels with what structure?

A

Sural Nerve

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9
Q

Majority of superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

A

Vertical group of SUPERIFICAL inguinal nodes

aka great saphenous territory

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10
Q

Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory drain into

A

Popliteal nodes

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11
Q

Small saphenous territory includes

A

Posterior and lateral leg

and foot

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12
Q

Deep lymph vessels drain into

A

Popliteal Nodes

deep tissues of leg and foot

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13
Q

Popliteal nodes drain into

A

DEEP inguinal nodes

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14
Q

Tibial Nerve root level

A

L4-S3

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15
Q

Tibial nerve gives off

A

Medial Sural Cutaneous (S1, S2)

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16
Q

Medial Sural Cutaneous root level

A

S1, S2

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17
Q

Common fibular root level

A

L4-S2

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18
Q

Common Fibular nerve gives off

A

Lateral Sural Cutaneous (L5-S2)

Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch (S1, S2)

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19
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous root level/supplies

A

L5-S2

Lateral leg

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20
Q

Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch root level

A

S1,S2

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21
Q

Sural nerve root level

A

S1, S2

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22
Q

Sural nerve is the result of what two nerves join?

A

Fibular communicating branch

Medial sural cutaneous

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23
Q

The sural nerve runs close to

A

Small saphenous vein

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24
Q

The sural nerve passes around and then inferior to

A

The posterior border of the lateral malleolus

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25
Q

Sural nerve supplies

A

Distal post. and lat. leg
Lat. calcaneus
Lat. side of foot
Lat. side of 5th digits

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26
Q

Lateral calcaneal branches of Sural nerve supply

A

Lateral calcaneus

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27
Q

Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (off of Sural nerve) supplies

A

Lateral side of foot

Lateral side of 5th digit

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28
Q

The posterior compartment of the leg is made up of what two subcompartments?

A

Superficial compartment

Deep compartment

29
Q

Posterior compartment attaches to

A

Medial margin of Tibia

Posterior border of Fibula

30
Q

The Superficial posterior compartment is supplied by

A

Sural arteries

31
Q

The Deep posterior compartment is supplied by

A

Posterior Tibial arteries

32
Q

Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more rightly surrounded by fascia?

A

Deep compartment

33
Q

Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more susceptible to compartment syndrome?

A

Deep compartment

34
Q

Nerve that supplies muscles of the posterior compartment

A

Tibial nerve

35
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment exert what functions?

A

Plantarflexion (flexors)
Inversion
Toe Flexion

36
Q

Tendons of posterior compartment muscles

A

Pass and insert medial to subtalar joint

Cause supination of the subtalar joint

37
Q

Primary function of posterior compartment muscles?

A

Powerful plantarflexors

38
Q

Gastrocnemius characteristics

A

3 JOINT MUSCLE
2 heads (originate from femoral condyles)
Important -> rapid power movement

39
Q

Origin of Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

A

Post aspect of MEDIAL femoral condyle
Inferior aspect of MEDIAL supracondylar line
Crural fascia

40
Q

Origin of Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

A

Post. aspect of LATERAL femoral condyle
Inferior aspect of LATERAL supracondylar line
Crural fascia

41
Q

Insertion of both heads of Gastrocnemius

A

Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus

via Achilles tendon

42
Q

Innervation to Gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve

43
Q

Blood supply to Gastrocnemius

A

Medial and Lateral Sural arteries (end arteries)

44
Q

Function of Gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflexion foot (ankle)
Leg flexion
Subtalar supination

45
Q

Flabella

A

Sesamoid bone in LATERAL head of Gastroc

46
Q

Soleus characteristics

A

Broad/flat
Continuously active
Forms soleal arch

47
Q

What two structures pass deep to the Soleal Arch>

A

Tibial nerve and Popliteal arteries

48
Q

Origin of Soleus

A

Middle 1/3 of medial border of Tibia
Soleal line
Tendinous arch
Post aspect of Fibular head and proximal 1/3 of Fibula

49
Q

Insertion of Soleus

A

Joins gastroc

Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus

50
Q

Innervation to Soleus

A

Tibial nerve

51
Q

Blood supply to Soleus

A

Sural arteries
FIbular artery
Posterior Tibial artery

52
Q

Function of Soleus

A 
Plantarflex foot (ankle)
Subtalar supination
53
Q

Does the Soleus flex the knee?

A

NO

does not cross knee joint

54
Q

Triceps surae is made up of

A

2 heads of Gastroc and head of Soleus

3 heads share insertion and act as powerful plantarflexors

55
Q

Plantaris characteristics

A

Small

Long tendon between gastroc and soleus

56
Q

Origin of Plantaris

A

Distal aspect of the lateral supracondylar line

travels infermoedially

57
Q

Insertion of Plantaris

A

Medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior Calcaneus

MEDIAL TO ACHILLES

58
Q

Innervation to Plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

59
Q

Blood supply to Plantaris

A

Sural artery

60
Q

Function of Plantaris

A

Plantarflexion
Knee flexion
Likely proprioceptive function

61
Q

Plantaris is used in what type of surgery?

A

Reconstructive

62
Q

Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon inserts into

A

Posterior calcaneus

63
Q

Pathway of Calc tendon as it descends toward the Calcaneus

A

Twists inward
clockwise (left)
counterclockwise (right)

64
Q

Gastroc and Soleus tendon fibers are located where on the Calcaneus tendon insterion?

A

Gastroc (lateral)

Soleus (medial)

65
Q

Does the Calc tendon have a tendon sheath?

A

No, it has a paratenon

66
Q

The paratenon of the Calc tendon has small vessels that supply the tendon off what arteries?

A

Branches from Fibular and Posterior Tibial artery

67
Q

Where is the Calc tendon watershed area located?

A

2-6 cm above the insertiomn

68
Q

The superficial retrocalcaneal bursa is located

A

Between the tendon and the skin

69
Q

The deep retrocalcaneal bursa is located

A

Between tendon and trigonum achilleum

Lower Extremity Anatomy (9 decks)

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