2) Posterior Leg Part I

Question 1

The fascial compartments of the leg are formed by

Answer 1

Tibia and FIbula
IM septa
Interosseus membrane

Question 2

The anterior compartment of the leg includes

Answer 2

Extensors of ankle (foot and toes)
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Anterior tibial artery

Question 3

The posterior compartment of the leg includes

Answer 3

Flexors of ankle and toes
Tibial nerve
Posterior Tibial and Fibular arteries

Question 4

The lateral compartment of the leg includes

Answer 4

EVERTORS of ankle
Superficial Fibular nerve
Perforating branches of Anterior Tibial and Fibular Arteries

Question 5

Small saphenous arises from

Answer 5

Dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein)

and dorsal vein of 5th digit

Question 6

Small saphenous vein is posterior to?

Answer 6

Lateral malleolus

Question 7

Small saphenous vein drains into

Answer 7

Polpliteal vein

Question 8

Small saphenous vein travels with what structure?

Answer 8

Sural Nerve

Question 9

Majority of superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

Answer 9

Vertical group of SUPERIFICAL inguinal nodes

aka great saphenous territory

Question 10

Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory drain into

Answer 10

Popliteal nodes

Question 11

Small saphenous territory includes

Answer 11

Posterior and lateral leg

and foot

Question 12

Deep lymph vessels drain into

Answer 12

Popliteal Nodes

deep tissues of leg and foot

Question 13

Popliteal nodes drain into

Answer 13

DEEP inguinal nodes

Question 14

Tibial Nerve root level

Answer 14

L4-S3

Question 15

Tibial nerve gives off

Answer 15

Medial Sural Cutaneous (S1, S2)

Question 16

Medial Sural Cutaneous root level

Answer 16

S1, S2

Question 17

Common fibular root level

Answer 17

L4-S2

Question 18

Common Fibular nerve gives off

Answer 18

Lateral Sural Cutaneous (L5-S2)

Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch (S1, S2)

Question 19

Lateral sural cutaneous root level/supplies

Answer 19

L5-S2

Lateral leg

Question 20

Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch root level

Answer 20

S1,S2

Question 21

Sural nerve root level

Answer 21

S1, S2

Question 22

Sural nerve is the result of what two nerves join?

Answer 22

Fibular communicating branch

Medial sural cutaneous

Question 23

The sural nerve runs close to

Answer 23

Small saphenous vein

Question 24

The sural nerve passes around and then inferior to

Answer 24

The posterior border of the lateral malleolus

Question 25

Sural nerve supplies

Answer 25

Distal post. and lat. leg Lat. calcaneus Lat. side of foot Lat. side of 5th digits

Question 26

Lateral calcaneal branches of Sural nerve supply

Answer 26

Lateral calcaneus

Question 27

Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (off of Sural nerve) supplies

Answer 27

Lateral side of foot | Lateral side of 5th digit

Question 28

The posterior compartment of the leg is made up of what two subcompartments?

Answer 28

Superficial compartment Deep compartment

Question 29

Posterior compartment attaches to

Answer 29

Medial margin of Tibia | Posterior border of Fibula

Question 30

The Superficial posterior compartment is supplied by

Answer 30

Sural arteries

Question 31

The Deep posterior compartment is supplied by

Answer 31

Posterior Tibial arteries

Question 32

Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more rightly surrounded by fascia?

Answer 32

Deep compartment

Question 33

Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more susceptible to compartment syndrome?

Answer 33

Deep compartment

Question 34

Nerve that supplies muscles of the posterior compartment

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

Muscles of the posterior compartment exert what functions?

Answer 35

Plantarflexion (flexors) Inversion Toe Flexion

Question 36

Tendons of posterior compartment muscles

Answer 36

Pass and insert medial to subtalar joint | Cause supination of the subtalar joint

Question 37

Primary function of posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 37

Powerful plantarflexors

Question 38

Gastrocnemius characteristics

Answer 38

3 JOINT MUSCLE 2 heads (originate from femoral condyles) Important -> rapid power movement

Question 39

Origin of Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

Answer 39

Post aspect of MEDIAL femoral condyle Inferior aspect of MEDIAL supracondylar line Crural fascia

Question 40

Origin of Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

Answer 40

Post. aspect of LATERAL femoral condyle Inferior aspect of LATERAL supracondylar line Crural fascia

Question 41

Insertion of both heads of Gastrocnemius

Answer 41

Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus | via Achilles tendon

Question 42

Innervation to Gastrocnemius

Answer 42

Tibial nerve

Question 43

Blood supply to Gastrocnemius

Answer 43

Medial and Lateral Sural arteries (end arteries)

Question 44

Function of Gastrocnemius

Answer 44

Plantarflexion foot (ankle) Leg flexion Subtalar supination

Question 45

Flabella

Answer 45

Sesamoid bone in LATERAL head of Gastroc

Question 46

Soleus characteristics

Answer 46

Broad/flat Continuously active Forms soleal arch

Question 47

What two structures pass deep to the Soleal Arch>

Answer 47

Tibial nerve and Popliteal arteries

Question 48

Origin of Soleus

Answer 48

Middle 1/3 of medial border of Tibia Soleal line Tendinous arch Post aspect of Fibular head and proximal 1/3 of Fibula

Question 49

Insertion of Soleus

Answer 49

Joins gastroc | Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus

Question 50

Innervation to Soleus

Answer 50

Tibial nerve

Question 51

Blood supply to Soleus

Answer 51

Sural arteries FIbular artery Posterior Tibial artery

Question 52

Function of Soleus

Answer 52

``` Plantarflex foot (ankle) Subtalar supination ```

Question 53

Does the Soleus flex the knee?

Answer 53

NO | does not cross knee joint

Question 54

Triceps surae is made up of

Answer 54

2 heads of Gastroc and head of Soleus | 3 heads share insertion and act as powerful plantarflexors

Question 55

Plantaris characteristics

Answer 55

Small | Long tendon between gastroc and soleus

Question 56

Origin of Plantaris

Answer 56

Distal aspect of the lateral supracondylar line | travels infermoedially

Question 57

Insertion of Plantaris

Answer 57

Medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior Calcaneus | MEDIAL TO ACHILLES

Question 58

Innervation to Plantaris

Answer 58

Tibial nerve

Question 59

Blood supply to Plantaris

Answer 59

Sural artery

Question 60

Function of Plantaris

Answer 60

Plantarflexion Knee flexion Likely proprioceptive function

Question 61

Plantaris is used in what type of surgery?

Answer 61

Reconstructive

Question 62

Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon inserts into

Answer 62

Posterior calcaneus

Question 63

Pathway of Calc tendon as it descends toward the Calcaneus

Answer 63

Twists inward clockwise (left) counterclockwise (right)

Question 64

Gastroc and Soleus tendon fibers are located where on the Calcaneus tendon insterion?

Answer 64

Gastroc (lateral) | Soleus (medial)

Question 65

Does the Calc tendon have a tendon sheath?

Answer 65

No, it has a paratenon

Question 66

The paratenon of the Calc tendon has small vessels that supply the tendon off what arteries?

Answer 66

Branches from Fibular and Posterior Tibial artery

Question 67

Where is the Calc tendon watershed area located?

Answer 67

2-6 cm above the insertiomn

Question 68

The superficial retrocalcaneal bursa is located

Answer 68

Between the tendon and the skin

Question 69

The deep retrocalcaneal bursa is located

Answer 69

Between tendon and trigonum achilleum