2) Posterior Leg Part I Flashcards
The fascial compartments of the leg are formed by
Tibia and FIbula
IM septa
Interosseus membrane
The anterior compartment of the leg includes
Extensors of ankle (foot and toes)
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Anterior tibial artery
The posterior compartment of the leg includes
Flexors of ankle and toes
Tibial nerve
Posterior Tibial and Fibular arteries
The lateral compartment of the leg includes
EVERTORS of ankle
Superficial Fibular nerve
Perforating branches of Anterior Tibial and Fibular Arteries
Small saphenous arises from
Dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein)
and dorsal vein of 5th digit
Small saphenous vein is posterior to?
Lateral malleolus
Small saphenous vein drains into
Polpliteal vein
Small saphenous vein travels with what structure?
Sural Nerve
Majority of superficial lymphatic vessels drain into
Vertical group of SUPERIFICAL inguinal nodes
aka great saphenous territory
Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory drain into
Popliteal nodes
Small saphenous territory includes
Posterior and lateral leg
and foot
Deep lymph vessels drain into
Popliteal Nodes
deep tissues of leg and foot
Popliteal nodes drain into
DEEP inguinal nodes
Tibial Nerve root level
L4-S3
Tibial nerve gives off
Medial Sural Cutaneous (S1, S2)
Medial Sural Cutaneous root level
S1, S2
Common fibular root level
L4-S2
Common Fibular nerve gives off
Lateral Sural Cutaneous (L5-S2)
Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch (S1, S2)
Lateral sural cutaneous root level/supplies
L5-S2
Lateral leg
Sural (Fibular/Peroneal) communicating branch root level
S1,S2
Sural nerve root level
S1, S2
Sural nerve is the result of what two nerves join?
Fibular communicating branch
Medial sural cutaneous
The sural nerve runs close to
Small saphenous vein
The sural nerve passes around and then inferior to
The posterior border of the lateral malleolus
Sural nerve supplies
Distal post. and lat. leg
Lat. calcaneus
Lat. side of foot
Lat. side of 5th digits
Lateral calcaneal branches of Sural nerve supply
Lateral calcaneus
Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (off of Sural nerve) supplies
Lateral side of foot
Lateral side of 5th digit
The posterior compartment of the leg is made up of what two subcompartments?
Superficial compartment
Deep compartment
Posterior compartment attaches to
Medial margin of Tibia
Posterior border of Fibula
The Superficial posterior compartment is supplied by
Sural arteries
The Deep posterior compartment is supplied by
Posterior Tibial arteries
Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more rightly surrounded by fascia?
Deep compartment
Of the two posterior subcompartments, which is more susceptible to compartment syndrome?
Deep compartment
Nerve that supplies muscles of the posterior compartment
Tibial nerve
Muscles of the posterior compartment exert what functions?
Plantarflexion (flexors)
Inversion
Toe Flexion
Tendons of posterior compartment muscles
Pass and insert medial to subtalar joint
Cause supination of the subtalar joint
Primary function of posterior compartment muscles?
Powerful plantarflexors
Gastrocnemius characteristics
3 JOINT MUSCLE
2 heads (originate from femoral condyles)
Important -> rapid power movement
Origin of Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
Post aspect of MEDIAL femoral condyle
Inferior aspect of MEDIAL supracondylar line
Crural fascia
Origin of Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius
Post. aspect of LATERAL femoral condyle
Inferior aspect of LATERAL supracondylar line
Crural fascia
Insertion of both heads of Gastrocnemius
Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus
via Achilles tendon
Innervation to Gastrocnemius
Tibial nerve
Blood supply to Gastrocnemius
Medial and Lateral Sural arteries (end arteries)
Function of Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexion foot (ankle)
Leg flexion
Subtalar supination
Flabella
Sesamoid bone in LATERAL head of Gastroc
Soleus characteristics
Broad/flat
Continuously active
Forms soleal arch
What two structures pass deep to the Soleal Arch>
Tibial nerve and Popliteal arteries
Origin of Soleus
Middle 1/3 of medial border of Tibia
Soleal line
Tendinous arch
Post aspect of Fibular head and proximal 1/3 of Fibula
Insertion of Soleus
Joins gastroc
Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of Calcaneus
Innervation to Soleus
Tibial nerve
Blood supply to Soleus
Sural arteries
FIbular artery
Posterior Tibial artery
Function of Soleus
Plantarflex foot (ankle) Subtalar supination
Does the Soleus flex the knee?
NO
does not cross knee joint
Triceps surae is made up of
2 heads of Gastroc and head of Soleus
3 heads share insertion and act as powerful plantarflexors
Plantaris characteristics
Small
Long tendon between gastroc and soleus
Origin of Plantaris
Distal aspect of the lateral supracondylar line
travels infermoedially
Insertion of Plantaris
Medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior Calcaneus
MEDIAL TO ACHILLES
Innervation to Plantaris
Tibial nerve
Blood supply to Plantaris
Sural artery
Function of Plantaris
Plantarflexion
Knee flexion
Likely proprioceptive function
Plantaris is used in what type of surgery?
Reconstructive
Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon inserts into
Posterior calcaneus
Pathway of Calc tendon as it descends toward the Calcaneus
Twists inward
clockwise (left)
counterclockwise (right)
Gastroc and Soleus tendon fibers are located where on the Calcaneus tendon insterion?
Gastroc (lateral)
Soleus (medial)
Does the Calc tendon have a tendon sheath?
No, it has a paratenon
The paratenon of the Calc tendon has small vessels that supply the tendon off what arteries?
Branches from Fibular and Posterior Tibial artery
Where is the Calc tendon watershed area located?
2-6 cm above the insertiomn
The superficial retrocalcaneal bursa is located
Between the tendon and the skin
The deep retrocalcaneal bursa is located
Between tendon and trigonum achilleum
