3) Posterior Leg Part II Flashcards
The muscles of the Deep compartment of the are separated from superficial by
Deep transverse IM septum
Popliteus characteristics
Partially intracapsular and extracapsular
Covered by fascia derived from semimembranosus
Origin of Popliteus
Lateral FEMORAL condyle (popliteal groove)
Posterior aspect of lateral meniscus
Inertion of Popliteus
Posterior aspect of proximal Tibia
Superior to soleal line
Innervation to Popliteus
Tibial nerve
Blood supply to Popliteus
Posterior tibial and medial inferior genicular
Function of Popliteus
UNLOCK knee
by laterally rotating femur on tibia
OR
medially rotating tibia on femur
Flexor Hallucis Longus characteristicss
Most lateral muscle in the DEEP posterior compartment
Origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Inferior 2/3 of Post Fibula
IM Septum
Deep fascia
Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of Hallux
Path of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Passes through groove on Post Tibia and Talus
Passes Inferior to Sustentaculum Tali through flexor retinaculum
Passes between the fibular and tibial sesamoids to insert on the plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux
Innervation to the Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibial nerve
Blood supply to the Flexor Hallucis Longus
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Function of the Flexor Hallucis Longus
Plantarflex hallux at IP and MTP joint
Helps plantarflex and INVERT foot
Flexor Hallucis Longus is important during
Push off of gait
Flexor Digitorum Longus characteristics
Most medial deep compartment muscle
Tendon is palpable around malleolus
Origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior tibia
inferior to soleal line
Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Plantar aspect of the bases of distal phalanges
Digits 2-5
Path of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Through tibial groove
Medial to sustentaculum tali, through flex retinaculum
Passes to plantar footand splits into 4 slips at area of cuneiforms
Slips pass along the plantar surface of lesser mets and phalanges to insertion
Innervation to Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibial Nerve
Blood supply to Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior Tibial Artery
Function of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Plantarflex digits, distal and proximal IP joints and MTPs
Help with ankle plantarflexion
FDL tendon crosses ________ to FHL tendon in sole of the foot
Superficial
The Master Knot of Henry is
connective tissue connection between FHL and FDL
In the Master Knot of Henry, FHL lies
dorsal (superior) to FDL
In the Master Knot of Henry, FDL lies
plantar (inferior) to FHL
The Master Knot of Henry lies
Inferior to the Navicular Tuberosity
Tibialis Posterior characteristics
Deepest muscle of the deep posterior compartment
Tendon is palpable around medial malleolus
Origin of Tibialis Posterior
Posterior tibia (inf to soleal line)
Posterior aspect of fibula (ant to medial crest)
Interosseus membrane
Insertion of Tibilias Posterior
Navicular tuberosity
Plantar aspect of ALL cuneiforms
Base of mets 2-4
Can also insert into plantar aspect of cuboid and 1st and 5th met bases
Path of the Tibialis Posterior
Post to tibia (in a groove with FDL)
Inf to medial malleolus (through Flex Retinaculum)
Superior to sustentaculum tali
Innervation to Posterior Tibialis
Tibial Nerve
Blood supply to Posterior Tibialis
Posterior Tibial artery
Fibular artery
Function of Posterior Tibialis
Invert and adduct fot
Supinate subtalar and midtarsal joint
All proximal synovial tendon sheaths of the deep compartment pass
within the flexor retinaculum
laciniate ligament
FHL Sheath (Proximal)
Begins at distal tip of med malleolus
Ends at knot of Henry
FHL Sheath (Proximal) surrounds
Tendon posterior to medial malleolus and inferior to sustentaculum tali
FHL Sheath (Distal) surrounds
Tendon from hallux met head to proximal phalanx
FDL Sheath (Proximal)
Begins posterior to med malleolus (little prox to FHL sheath)
Ends proximal to Master Knot of Henry
FDL Sheath (Distal)
all 4 tendons of digits m2-5 from MTP joint to midlde phalanges
Tibialis Posterior Sheath
Begins 4 cm proximal to tip of medial malleolus
Ends at porta pedis
FHL Proximal Sheath begins and ends
most distally
Tibialis Posterior Sheath begins and ends
most proximally
Tibial nerve root level
L4-S3
Tibial nerve characteristics
Passes deep to tendinous arch of soleus
Tibial nerve provides innervation to all
Posterior compartment muscles
Tibial nerve gives off what nerves/branches
Medial sural cutaneous (S1, S2)
Muscular branches
Medial calcaneal branches
terminal branches
Medial sural cutaneous nerve joins with
Fibular communicating
Forms Sural nerve
The medial calcaneal branches off posterior tibial nerve
Pierce through flex retinaculum (laciniate ligament)
Supply skin in medial calcaneal region
The terminal branches of posterior tibial nerve are
Medial Plantar nerve
Lateral Plantar nerve
Popliteal artery is a continuation of
Femoral artery
deep in the popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery supplies
Knee joint and surrounding musculature
Popliteal artery passes into the posterior leg compartment how?
Deep through the fibrous arch of the soleus
What the 6 branches off popliteal artery?
Superior Lat Gen Superior Mid Gen Sural Arteries Middle Gen Inferior Lat Gen Inferior Med Gen
Superior Lat Genicular artery path
Passes deep to biceps femoris
Superior Med Genicular artery
Passes deep to medial hamstring muscles/adductor magnus
Above medial femoral condyle
Sural arteries supply
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Middle Genicular artery path
Pierces oblique popliteal ligament
Supplies internal knee structures
Inferior Lat Genicular artery path
Passes deep to Gastroc/Plantaris
Superficial to Popliteus
Passes around LATERAL tibial condyle
Inferior Med Genicular artery path
Along superior border of Popliteus toward MEDIAL tibial condyle
What are the two terminal branches of popliteal artery?
Anterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery path
Branches off popliteal near inf border of popliteus
passes through superior opening of IO membrane into Anterior compartment
Anterior Tibial artery branches into
Posterior Tibial Recurrent
Anterior Tibial Recurrent
Posterior Tibial recurrent branch of Ant Tibial Artery path
Branches off before entering Anterior compartment
Passes deep to Popliteus to join with genicular anastomosis
Anterior Tibial recurrent branch of Ant Tibial Artery path
Branches right after passing through superior opening of IO membrane
Passes superiorly to anastomose with INFERIOR genicular arteries
Posteror Tibial Artery is found in
Deep posterior compartment
Posterio Tibial artery branches into
Circumflex Fibular
Fibular Artery
Circumflex Fibular branch of Post Tibial Artery path
wrap around neck of Fibula
Joints with Inferior Genicular arteries
Fibular (artery) branch of Posterior Tibial Artery path
Descends posterior to Fibula
Venous pathway of Posterior Leg
Anterior Tibial to Post Tibial to Popliteal to Femoral
Posterior Tibial Artery path
Between FHL and FDL
Superficial to tibialis posterior (in deep compartment)
Passes posterior to MEDIAL malleolus
Posterior Tibial pulse is felt
Between medial malleolus and achilles tendon
Posterior tibial artery branches into its terminal branches
Posterior to medial malleolus
Tarsal tunnel
Branches of the Posterior Tibial Artery include
Circumflex Fibular (sometimes) Muscular branches Nutrient Artery of Tibia Fibular artery Posterior medial malleola Artery to Tarsal canal Medial Plantar artery Lateral Plantar Artery
Nutrient artery of tibia
Lies inferior to soleal line
Both medial and lateral plantar arteries are
Terminal branches of posterior tibial
Fibular (peroneal) artery path
descends between FHL and TP
Posterior to LATERAL malleolus
Branches of the Fibular Artery
Muscular branches Nutrient artery of Fibular Perforating branch of fibular artery Fibular communicating artery Posterior lateral malleolar arteries Lateral calcaneal arteries
Nutrient artery of fibula
Found around mid shaft
Perforating branch of fibular artery path
Passes through inferior opening of IO membrane (5cm superior to lateral malleolus)
Enters anterior ankle regions
Fibular communicating artery
Joins with posterior tibial
posterior and very inferior leg
Flexor retinaculum AKA
Laciniate ligament (thickening of crural fascia)
Flexor Retinaculum
Attaches to distal and posterior medial malleolus and medial calcaneus
Anchors flexor tendons
How do tendons pass through flexor retinaculum?
Separate compartments surrounded by synovial sheaths
Tarsal tunnel
Located in posteromedial ankle (prox flex retinaculum to porta pedis)
Passageway between post leg and plantar foot
Tarsal tunnel is divided into 4 compartments
3 tendon (surrounded by synovial sheath) 1 neruovascular bundle
Boundaries of flexor retinaculum
Medial (Flex ret and abductor hallucis)
Lateral (Calcaneus, post talotibial ligament, calcaneotibial ligament)
Contents of Flexor retinaculum (ant to post/med to lat)
Tibialis posterior tendon Flexor digitorum tendon Posterior tibial art/vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus tendon (inf to sustenaculum tali)
Inside tarsal tunnel (others)
Tibial nerve into med/lat plantar nerves
Post tibial artery into med/lat plantar
Medial calcaneal nerve/art also possible (some pierce flexor retinaculum)
Muscles in Posterior leg (medial to lateral)
FDL
TP
FHL
Muscles in Tarsal tunnel, post to medial malleolus (medial to lateral)
TP
FDL
FHL
Muscles distal to Master Knot of Henry
TP
FHL
FDL
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus
Accessory muscle (3-12% of time) Content of tarsal tunnel IF present
Origin of FDL Accessorius Longus
Tibia or Fibula
Crural fascia
Proximal FDL
Inserion of FDL Accessorius Longus
FDL tendon around Master Knot of Henry or Quadratus Plantae
Blood/Nerve to FDL Accessorius Longus
Same as muscles of posterior compartment
FDL Accessorius Longus pathology
Crowding of tarsal tunnel
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
FHL tenosynovitis
Porta Pedis
Canal formed by the abductor hallucis muscle and calcaneus
Porta pedis acts as passageway for
Medial and lateral plantar arteries, veins, and nerves
To and from medial ankle
Porta pedis is a potential site of
Entrapment