9 - Pediatric Neurology Flashcards
Only drug that may be used for benign infantile seizures
Phenobarbital
Most common type of benign epilepsy syndrome
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike
Triad of West syndrome
Infantile epileptic spasm
Developmental regression
EEG = hypsarrhythmia
Triad of Lennox-Gestaut syndrome
• Developmental delay
• Multiple seizure type
• EEG = 1-2Hz spike and slow waves, polyspike bursts in sleep and slow background in wakefulness
Simple febrile seizure
• Generalized
• Less than 15 mins
• No recurrence in the 1st 24 hours
• Absent focal signs in the post-ictal period
Lumbar puncture indications for first febrile seizure (CNSP, 2017)
All patients below 18 months old;
With clinical signs of meningitis
Major risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures
<1 year old
Duration of fever <24 hours
Fever 38-39°C
Greatest risk factor for occurrence of subsequent epilepsy after a febrile seizure
Neurodevelopmental abnormalities
Most common seizure disorder in childhood
Simple febrile seizure
First step in management of status epilepticus
Securing airway, breathing, circulation
Initial emergent therapy for status epilepticus
IV diazepam or lorazepam
Most commonly associated viral infections with febrile status epilepticus
HHV-6 and HHV-7
Triad of imaging findings in TB meningitis
• Hydrocephalus
• Basal enhancements
• Infarcts
Absolute contraindications to lumbar puncture
• Signs of increased ICP
• Local infection at desired punctured site
• Radiological signs of obstructive hydrocephalus, cerebral edema or herniation, presence of intracranial lesion, or midline shift
Recommended treatment for Neisseria meningitidis invasive infections in the neonate
Cefotaxime
