12 - Pediatric Cardiology Flashcards
Murmur grade associated with thrill
4
Murmur that is always pathologic
Diastolic murmurs
Acyanotic heart disease
• VSD
• ASD
• PDA
• COA
• ECD
Cyanotic heart disease
• Pulmonary atresia
• Pulmonary stenosis
• TOF
• Tricuspid atresia
• Ebstein anomaly
• TOGA
• TAPVR
• Truncus arteriosus
Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS with widely split S2
ASD
Systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB with loud and single S2
VSD
Continuous “machinery-like murmur at the 2nd L infraclavicular area
PDA
Heart defect most commonly associated with Down syndrome
Endocardial cushion defect
Bedside test to differentiate pulmonary from cardiovascular cause of cyanosis
Hyperoxia test
Most common cyanotic heart defect BEYOND infancy
TOF
Most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease in NEWBORNS
TOGA
Boot-shaped heart
TOF
Management of hypoxic spells in TOF
• Knee-chest position
• Morphine sulfate
• NaHCO3 IV
• Oxygen
• Phenylephrine
• Propranolol
• Ketamine
Egg-shaped heart
TOGA
T or F: A VSD is always present in truncus arteriosus
T
Snowman sign
Figure of 8
TAPVR
Location of lesion in coarctation of the aorta in children
Descending aorta (distal to the origin of the L subclavian artery)
Rib notching
Inverted E
3 sign
COA
Heart defect most commonly associated with congenital rubella
PDA
Heart defect most commonly associated with maternal DM
TGA
Heart defect most commonly associated with maternal lupus
Complete heart block
Heart defect most commonly associated with maternal intake of aspirin
PPHN
Heart defect most commonly associated with maternal intake of alcohol
VSD
PS
Heart defect most commonly associated with maternal intake of lithium
Ebstein anomaly
Tachycardia in rheumatic fever is significant when noted during
Sleeping
Most common manifestation of RF
Arthritis
Most consistent feature of ARF
Valvulitis
Only feature of RF that can cause permanent damage
Carditis
Test that should be performed in all patients with confirmed or suspected ARF
Echocardiography with doppler
Duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for RF without carditis
5 years or until 21 years old whichever is longer
Duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for RF with carditis but without residual heart disease
10 years or until 21 years old whichever is longer
Duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for RF with carditis and with residual heart disease
10 years or until 40 years old whichever is longer
Most likely cause of IE in patients with underlying heart disease
viridans Streptococci
Most likely cause of IE in patients after dental procedure
viridans Streptococci
Most likely cause of IE in patients after GUT or lower bowel manipulation
Group D Streptococcus
Most likely cause of IE in patients after open heart procedure
Fungal
Most likely cause of IE in IV drug abusers
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas
Most likely cause of IE in patients with CVP or prosthetic valves
Coagulase-negative Staph
Recommended treatment duration for IE
4-6 weeks
