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PLE 2023: PEDIATRICS > 1 - Neonatology > Flashcards

1 - Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

EINC

A

• Immediate drying
• Uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact
• Delayed cord clamping
• Non-separation of mother and baby

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2
Q

Target temperature for newborns

A

36.5-37.5°C

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3
Q

Room temperature at birth

A

25-28°C

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4
Q

Low birth weight

A

<2,500g

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5
Q

Very low birth weight

A

<1,500g

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6
Q

Extremely low birth weight

A

<1,000g

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7
Q

Estimated birth anthropometrics (Lt, Wt, HC)

A

Lt: 50cm
Wt: 3.5kg
HC: 33-35cm

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8
Q

Small for gestational age

A

BW <3rd percentile for calculated gestational age

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9
Q

Large for gestational age

A

BW >90th percentile for gestational age

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10
Q

APGAR

A

• Activity
• Pulse
• Grimace (reflex irritability)
• Appearance
• Respiration

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11
Q

APGAR interpretation

A

0-3 severely depressed
4-6 moderately depressed
7-10 excellent condition

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12
Q

APGAR score that is a valid predictor of neonatal mortality

A

5-minute score

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13
Q

Newborn screening ideally when for term

A

48 hours of life

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14
Q

Newborn screening ideally when for preterm

A

5-7 days

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15
Q

Expanded NBS covers how many diseases

A

28

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16
Q

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

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17
Q

Most common enzyme deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

21-hydroxylase

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18
Q

Physiologic weight loss in during first 10 days for term and 2 weeks for preterm

A

5-10%

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19
Q

Vaguely demarcated pitting edema that extend across sutures; maximal size at birth; resolves in 48-72 hours

A

Caput succedaneum

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20
Q

Blood collection with distinct margins and does not cross suture lines; increases size after birth for 12-24 hours; resolves over 2-3 weeks

A

Cephalhematoma

21
Q

Firm to fluctuant blood collection with ill-defined borders located beneath the epicranial aponeurosis; progressive after birth; resolution over 2-3 weeks; may be massive if there is associated coagulopathy

A

Subgaleal hemorrhage

22
Q

Most common Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

A

Type C
(Esophageal Atresia (EA) with distal TEF)

23
Q

Most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek hernia

24
Q

Extrusion of abdominal viscera covered with sac

A

Omphalocele

25
Q

Extrusion of abdominal viscera without sac

A

Gastroschisis

26
Q

Triad of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) pathophysiology

A

Intestinal ischemia
Enteral nutrition
Pathologic organisms

27
Q

Single bubble sign

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Pyloric atresia

28
Q

Double bubble sign

A

Duodenal atresia
Annular pancreas
Malrotation

29
Q

Triple bubble sign

A

Jejunal atresia

30
Q

Paroxysms of crampy abdominal pain
Currant jelly stools

A

Intussusception

31
Q

Target/doughnut sign
Pseudokidney sign

A

Intussusception

32
Q

Apnea is cessation of breathing for

A

Longer than 20 seconds or any duration if accompanied by cyanosis and bradycardia

33
Q

Most common cause of apnea

A

Idiopathic apnea of prematurity

34
Q

Ground glass appearance (+) air bronchograms

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

35
Q

Prominent pulmonary vascular markings
Fluid lines in fissure

A

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

36
Q

“Bubbly lungs”

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

37
Q

Coarse streaking granular pattern

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

38
Q

Perihilar streaking

A

Neonatal pneumonia

39
Q

Jaundice visible on 2nd-3rd day, peaks at 5-6 mg/dl on the 2nd- 4th day and decrease to below 2 mg/dl between 5-7 days of life

A

Physiologic jaundice

40
Q

Jaundice that appears on the first 24-36 hours of life, rises faster than 5mg/dl/24 hours, persists after 10-14 days

A

Pathologic jaundice

41
Q

Most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

ABO incompatibility

42
Q

Congenital infection presenting as vesicular lesions on the face and mouth

A

HSV

43
Q

Congenital infection presenting as purpuric hemorrhagic lesions all over the body and IUGR

A

Rubella

44
Q

Congenital infection presenting as maculopapular rash, IUGR, bone periostitis

A

Syphilis

45
Q

Congenital infection presenting as chorioretinitis, IUGR, periventricular calcifications

A

CMV

46
Q

Congenital infection presenting as chorioretinitis, IUGR, microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, intracerebral calcifications

A

Toxoplasmosis

47
Q

Congenital infection presenting as cutaneous scars, IUGR, cortical atrophy

A

Varicella

48
Q

Undescended testes should be treated surgically not later than

A

9-15 months old

PLE 2023: PEDIATRICS (15 decks)

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