6 - Pediatric Gastroenterology

Question 1

Gold standard for diagnosis of biliary atresia

Answer 1

Direct cholangiography

Question 2

Triangular cord sign

Answer 2

Biliary atresia

Question 3

Golden period for Kasai procedure in biliary atresia

Answer 3

60 days

Question 4

Definitive management for biliary atresia

Answer 4

Liver transplant

Question 5

Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants

Answer 5

Rotavirus

Question 6

Diarrhea is defined as onset of excessively loose stools of _________ in infants and _______ in older children

Answer 6

Infants: >10ml/kg/day
Older children: >200g/24 hr

Question 7

Chronic diarrhea lasts for

Answer 7

> 14 days

Question 8

Intussusception has correlation with viral infection

Answer 8

Adenovirus

Question 9

Shoulder sign
Double tract sign

Answer 9

Pyloric stenosis

Question 10

Absence of ganglion cells in the bowel wall beginning in the internal anal sphincter

Answer 10

Hirschsprung disease

Question 11

Most common intestinal segment affected in Hirschsprung disease

Answer 11

Rectosigmoid

Question 12

Gold standard for Hirschsprung disease diagnosis

Answer 12

Rectal suction biopsy

Question 13

Omega sign
Coffee bean sign

Answer 13

Volvulus

Question 14

Meckel Diverticulum Rules of 2

Answer 14

• 2% of the population
• 2 inches long
• 2 ft from the ileocecal valve
• 2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic)

Question 15

Stool softeners that should be avoided in children with functional constipation

Answer 15

Senna or Bisacodyl

Question 16

Foreign body ingestion needing URGENT removal

Answer 16

Sharp objects
Button batteries
FBs with respiratory symptoms

Question 17

Required for all symptomatic patients who had caustic ingestion

Answer 17

Upper endoscopy

Question 18

Most common pancreatic disorder in children

Answer 18

Acute pancreatitis

Question 19

Sentinel loop
Cutoff sign
Blurring of the left psoas margin
Peripancreatic extraluminal gas bubbles

Answer 19

Acute pancreatitis

Question 20

T or F: Ranson criteria and APACHE score are appropriate prognostic scores for children with acute pancreatitis

Answer 20

F

Question 21

First clinical evidence of HBV infection

Answer 21

Elevation of ALT levels

Question 22

Most valuable single serologic marker for acute HBV infection

Answer 22

Anti-HBcAg

Question 23

First serologic marker to appear in HBV infections

Answer 23

HBsAg

Question 24

Antigen used in Hep B vaccine

Answer 24

HBsAg

Question 25

Only serologic marker positive during the window period of HBV infection

Answer 25

IgM anti-HBc

Question 26

Serologic markers positive in patients who are immune due to natural HBV infection

Answer 26

Anti-HBc
Anti-HBs

Question 27

Only serologic marker positive in patients who are immune due to Hep B vaccine

Answer 27

Anti-HBs

Question 28

Most common lead point of intussusception

Answer 28

Meckel’s diverticulum