13 - Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 1

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever

Answer 1

Adenovirus

Question 2

Most common etiology of acute otitis media in children

Answer 2

• S. pneumoniae (mc)
• H. influenzae type b
• M. catarrhalis

Question 3

Eradicates nasopharyngeal carriage in diphtheria

Answer 3

Erythromycin

Question 4

Reiter’s syndrome triad

Answer 4

• Conjunctivitis
• Urethritis
• Arthritis

Question 5

Common etiology of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease

Answer 5

Salmonella choleraesuis or enterica

Question 6

Koplik spots

Answer 6

Measles

Question 7

Forchheimer spots

Answer 7

Rubella

Question 8

Nagayama spots

Answer 8

Roseola

Question 9

Pathognomonic pathologic finding for measles

Answer 9

Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells

Question 10

Most common complication in measles

Answer 10

Acute otitis media

Question 11

Most common cause of morbidity in measles

Answer 11

Pneumonia

Question 12

Period of communicability of measles

Answer 12

4 days before and 4 days after onset of rash

Question 13

Period of communicability of rubella

Answer 13

7 days before and 7 days after rash

Question 14

Period of communicability of varicella

Answer 14

1-2 days before rash, 7 days after rash and all lesions have crusted

Question 15

Period of communicability of erythema infectiosum

Answer 15

Before onset of rash until after onset of rash

Question 16

Period of communicability of mumps

Answer 16

1-2 days before onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after the onset of swelling

Question 17

Most frequent complication of mumps

Answer 17

Meningoencephalitis

Question 18

T or F: Infertility is a common complication in patients with mumps

Answer 18

F

Question 19

Dengue warning signs

Answer 19

• Abdominal pain/tenderness
• Persistent vomiting
• Clinical fluid accumulation
• Mucosal bleeding
• Lethargy, restlessness
• Liver enlargement >2cms
• Decreased or no urine within 6 hrs
• Increase in Hct with decrease in platelet

Question 20

Severe dengue

Answer 20

Severe plasma leakage
Severe bleeding
Severe organ involvement

Question 21

Timing of viral diagnostic testing in infants born to HIV- infected mothers

Answer 21

Within the first 2 days of life
At 1-2 months old
At 4-6 months old

Question 22

Timing of CD4+ and CD8+ testing in infants born to HIV- infected mothers

Answer 22

1 and 3 months old
Repeated q3 months starting at 6 months of age

Question 23

Best single prognostic indicator in children with HIV

Answer 23

Plasma viral load

Question 24

Most important consequence of rubella

Answer 24

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Question 25

Single most common finding in congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 25

Nerve deafness

Question 26

Most consistent finding associated primary HHV-6B infection

Answer 26

Fever

Question 27

Most common complication of roseola

Answer 27

Convulsions

Question 28

Different stages of lesions

Answer 28

Varicella

Question 29

Most frequent complication of zoster infection

Answer 29

Post-herpetic neuralgia

Question 30

Sandpaper/goose pimple-like rash Pastia’s lines

Answer 30

Scarlet fever

Question 31

Presents with cicatricial skin scaring, limb hypoplasia, neurologic, renal, and ANS abnormalities

Answer 31

Congenital Varicella

Question 32

Infectious mononucleosis triad

Answer 32

Sore throat or exudative pharyngitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly

Question 33

Most common cause of mortality in diphtheria

Answer 33

Toxic cardiomyopathy

Question 34

Complications of diphtheria

Answer 34

Toxic cardiomyopathy
Toxic neuropathy

Question 35

Usual cause of death in neonatal tetanus

Answer 35

Bronchopneumonia or pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 36

Most common presenting symptom of generalized tetanus

Answer 36

Trismus

Question 37

Most common type of polio

Answer 37

Inapparent

Question 38

Most common complication of influenza infection

Answer 38

Otitis media
Pneumonia

Question 39

Pathognomonic clinical feature of dengue

Answer 39

Herman’s rash