9 long bones- mature Flashcards
What is the name of the structure is the arrow pointing towards?
Quadracondylar ridge
Tricipital line
Coracoid line
Bicipetal crest
b
Which type of fungal disease is best characterised with the following definition: Typically osteolytic with proliferation and soft tissue swelling. Majority of bone lesions are solitary and occur distal to the stifle and elbow.
Coccidiomycosis
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Aspergillosis
b
Which of the following features can help to differentiate bacterial osteomyelitis from neoplasia?
Sclerotic margination
Presence of wide transition zone
Soft tissue swelling
Moth-eaten lysis
a
Which of the following types of neoplasia is thought to be the most aggressive form of surface osteosarcoma?
Juxtacortical osteosarcoma
Parosteal osteosarcoma
Periosteal osteosarcoma
High-grade surface osteosarcoma
d
Which breed has a reported higher risk of developing chondrosarcoma?
Golden Retriever
German Shepherd Dogs
Flat-coated retriever
German short-haired pointed
a
What is the most common site for metastatic neoplasia within the bones?
At the physeal scar
Proximal metaphysis
Diaphysis adjacent to the nutrient foramen
In the epiphysis
c
Which statement regarding feline osteosarcomas is incorrect?
They are unlikely to metastasise
They account for 80-90% of primary bone tumours in cats
Occurs in equal frequency in both axial and appendicular skeleton
Does not have a bimodal age distribution
b- it is 70-80%
According to the BSAVA MSK book, which breed is not reported to have spontaneous fracture of the lateral fabellae?
Border Collie
Golden Retriever
Labrador Retrierver
Australian Cattle Dog
d
Which muscle attach at the level of the white arrow?
Deltoideus
Teres minor
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
. Arrow –> deltoid tuberosity- lateral Teres major attachment is at the arrowhead (medial, with latisimus). Teres minor- greater tubercle just above deltoid tuberosity
- What passes through the supracondylar foramen and what structures should be considered at risk of damage in the case of fractures adjacent to this region? (2 correct)
Brachial artery
Radial nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
a and d
- In which breed of dogs the fabellae of the gastrocnemius are particularly located in different levels?
Boxer
German Scheper
WHWT
Chihuahua
c
In terms of differentiation of primary malignant bone neoplasia and osteomyelitis, which species is most affected with osteomyelitis?
Cats
Dogs
a
Which disease/s have been associated with bone infarcts?
Renal adenocarcinoma
skeletal osteosarcoma
skeletal fibrosarcoma
All of the above
all
which bones more commonly get osteomyelitis (2)
calvarial bones
mandible
long bones
carpal bones
vertebral bones
tarsal bones
sesamoid bones
long, vertebral
what is the most common form of haematogenous osteomyelitis in adult dogs?
discospondylitis
how can you tell the difference between coccidiodomycosis or blastomycosis, and osteosarcoma?
a) you never can
b) the zone of transition is shorter in coccidioidomycosis
c) there is slower progression in OSA
b. The zone of transition (the region of transition between the lesion and adjacent normal bone) tends to be shorter
and better defined than with osteosarcoma, and the rate of change on serial radiographs also tends to be slower.
Thoracic radiographs may reveal hilar lymphadenopathy in coccidiodomycosis.
which is true?
a) cats are more likely to get histoplasmosis than dogs
b) dogs are more likely to get histoplasmosis than cats
c) both dogs and cats are equally likely to be infected.
d) occurs in the east
c. occurs in central regions.
can also infect via GIT as well as inhalation
name 2 protozoal diseases which can cause osteomyelitis
leishmania
hepatozoonosis
what is the most likely cause of this change?
a) leishmania
b) bacterial osteomyelitis
c) metabolic disease
d) osteosarcoma
a
how can you differentiate between giant cell tumours and bone cysts?
GCT are benign. Giant cell tumours (osteoclastoma) are rare neoplasms
seen in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones,
especially the distal ulna. Their radiographic appearance is
of an expansile lytic lesion with a multiloculated septate
appearance (geographic bone lysis). They resemble a bone
cyst; the differentiating feature is that giant cell tumours
usually occur in older patients and involve the epiphysis.
Secondary renal hyperparathyroidism is caused by …
A) inability to excrete phosphates
B) inability to excrete calcium
C) excess phosphate excretion
D) excessive production of parathyroid hormone due to hyperlasia or neoplasia of the parathyroid gland(s)
A. Leads to excess calcium excretion and reduced serum calcium levels
Which is true?
A) acth is not important for normal bone metabolism
B) hyperadrenocorticism is reported to cause decreased bone formation
C) hyperadrenocorticism leads to diffuse osteopetrosis
B
