12 the shoulder and scapula Flashcards
what are the regions labelled 2,3 and 5
greaer tubercle, lesser tubercle, deltoid tuberosity.
what is the structure labelled 7
acromion,
what are the regions labelled 2, 8, 9
supraglenoid tubercle, intertubercular groove, greater tubercle.
what is this and which species (dog or cat)?
suprahamate process, cat
which species has the largest coracoid process? dog or cat
cat
what is shown?
a) normal growth plates
b) phystitis
c) OCD
d)avulsion fracture
D
which of the following is true regarding shoulder luxations?
a) more commonly medial in large breeds
b) more commonly congenital in large breeds
c) more commonly medial in toy breeds
d) more commonly traumatic in small breeds.
C is true. Luxations of the scapulohumeral joint can be congenital
(see later) or acquired and can occur in any direction
(cranial, caudal, medial, lateral). Medial luxations occur
most often in toy breeds and are usually congenital.
Lateral luxations occur infrequently and are seen
primarily in large-breed dogs as a result of trauma.
Cranial and caudal luxations are very rare. Congenital subluxation, characterized by joint laxity,
a flattened humeral head and a shallow glenoid, has
also been described
rupture of the biceps tendon more commonly occurs where in mature dogs?
a) close to the muscle belly
b) near the origin
c) in the mid aspect
d) a and b
B. Traumatic rupture of the tendon of the biceps brachii
muscle can occur but is rare. In the growing dog (4–8
months) there is generally an avulsion of the supraglenoid
tuberosity, which can be seen radiologically. In the
mature dog, the rupture of the tendon occurs near its
origin.
what does the picture show?
a) normal biceps tendon with artefact
b) ruptured biceps tendon
c) partially ruptured biceps tendon
d) supraspinatus tendinopathy
C. Note the inhomogeneous and hypoechoic areas within the
tendon (arrowed)
what does the image show?
a) OCD and joint mouse
b)OC and joint mouse
c) marked osteoarthritis
d) joint mouse
A. care with OC vs OCD. OCD is a specific type of osteochondrosis that occurs when diseased cartilage separates from the bone. ML view of a radiopaque joint mouse (arrowed) within the caudal pouch of the shoulder joint. The subchondral defect and OCD at the caudal aspect of the humeral head are clearly visible.
what is the significance of this lesion?
a) usually incidental but can cause lameness if it impinges or becomes embedded in the joint capsule
b) always clinically significant
c) usually causes lameness
d) often seen along side other abnormalities such as OCD
A. presumed separate ossification centre of the caudal rim of the glenoid.
which of these is not a radiographic finding of tenosynovitis/ partial rupture of the biceps?
a) sclerosis of the bicipital groove
b) avulsion fracture or demineralisation of the supraglenoid tubercle
c) mineralised fragments in the tendon sheath
d) radiolucency in the region of the tendon
D. radiographs show no changes,
especially in the acute phase. The most sensitive radiological
indicator of bicipital tenosynovitis is sclerosis along
the bicipital groove (Figure 12.47). Other radiological signs
include dystrophic calcification of the tendon, avulsion fractures
of the attachment of the tendon, demineralization of
the supraglenoid tubercle, osteophytes in the intertubercular
groove or mineralized fragments within the tendon
sheath
true or false? supraspinatus tendinopathy or tendinosis can cause lameness, but does not impinge on the biceps tendon
false. degenerative tendinopathy or tendinosis of the
supraspinatus, the enlarged tendon may interfere with the
function of the biceps tendon. The most common ultrasound
finding is enlargement of the tendon of insertion
(Lafuente et al., 2009). In these cases MRI will demonstrate
the enlarged supraspinatus tendon with high fluid
content.
a 4yo MN blood hound has a history or lameness which initially improved, but now the dog has an abnormal gait in the left forelimb. The dog has adduction of the elbow, abduction of the foreleg and external rotation of the carpus and paw. The limb is circumducted with each stride of the leg. what differential should be considered more likely?
a) fracture
b) neoplasia
c) infraspinatus contracture
d) brachial plexus injury
C
what muscle tendon extends along the margin of this mineralisation?
a) subscapularis
b) supraspinatus
c) infraspinatous
d) deltoid
C
