15 stifle Flashcards
what procedure is being measured for?
TPLO or C(T)WO
what procedure is being measured for?
Tibial tuberosity advancement.
non ossification of which structure can be an incidental finding?
a) medial fabella, dog
b) medial fabella, cat
c) lateral fabella, dog
d)lateral fabella, cat
B
where is the extensor fossa?
below 1d
name 4 causes of pathological mineralisation in/ around the stifle joint
Pathological mineralized or calcified bodies found in
or around the stifle joint can include avulsion fragments
of the cruciate ligaments, the long digital extensor
tendon, the gastrocnemius or popliteus muscles, fragmented
sesamoids, joint mice associated with OCD
or osteoarthrosis, meniscal mineralization or synovial
osteochondromatosis
approximately how many cranial cruciate ligament ruptures did ultrasound detect in a study on cadavers?
a) 1-11%
b) 14-20%
c) 25-34%
d) 68-79%
B- low
closure of the tibial tuberosity growth plate in dogs
a) 9-10 mo
b) 10-12 mo
c)12-15 mo
d) 3-5 mo
10-12 mo. (9-10 in cats)
9-10 tibial plateau
distal physis of tibia 12-15 mo
medial malleolus 3-5 mo
a) long digital extensor avulsion
b) normal
c) avulsion gastrocnemius
d) popliteal avulsion
C. lateral fabellae often slightly higher than medial?
a) long digital extensor avulsion
b) normal
c) avulsion gastrocnemius
d) popliteal avulsion
A. quite lateral
the infrapatellar fat pad is…
a) intrasynovial
b) intracapsular, extrasynovial
c) extracapsular
B
millers- in the fibrous layer
imaios between the fibrous and synovial layers.
a) fabellopatella ligament
b) femoropatellar ligament
c) collateropatellar ligament
B
which is not associated with traumatic luxation of the stifle
a) usually cruciate ligament damage
b) usually damage to at least one meniscus
c) usually collateral ligament damage
d) usually rupture of the joint capsule and the infrapatellar fat pad
D
where does the CCL attach to the tibia
apx red circle can be site of enthesophytes
which disease is often found concurrently with CCLR due to degenerate disease?
a) lateral meniscal tear
b) patella ligament injury
c) medial meniscal tear
d) collateral ligament rupture
C, can occur late on and be a cause of increased or persistent stifle effusion.
what imaging findings are not found in dogs with patella luxation
a) coxa valga
b) medial deviation of the tibia
c) lateral bowing of the distal femur
d) shallow trochlear groove
A- coxa vara is found. also retroversion of the femoral head and neck can be seen. Femoral retroversion is a rotational or torsional deformity in which the femur twists backward (outward) relative to the knee. MPL is most common.
what is the most common site for OCD in the canine stifle?
a) medial aspect of the medial condyle
b) lateral aspect of the medial condyle
c) medial aspect of the lateral condyle
d) lateral aspect of the lateral condyle
C
Multipartite or fragmented sesamoid are most commonly affecting which fabellae?
Medial
Lateral
Equal incidence
A
CCLR is reported to result in medial meniscal tears at the time of injury in approximately what percentage of cases?
Up to 25%
25-50%
50-75%
75-100%
25-50%
In cats, proximal tibial stress fractures have also been reported to be associated with…
Cranial cruciate ligament injuries
Distal femur fractures
Meniscal injury
Patellar fractures
patellar fractures
Which statement regarding stifle imaging is incorrect?
TTA and TPLO pre-procedural ML radiographs need to be taken with a stifle in neutral position
The stifle/hock joints should be parallel to the cassette
The craniodistal cranioproximal oblique view is otherwise known at a skyline view
Non-ossification of the medial fabella can be an occasional finding in the cat
A
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Young cats can present with incidental patellar fractures, thought to be stress fractures
An inability to extend the stifle may be seen with fracture of the patella
Fragmented sesamoids are most commonly seen affecting the lateral fabellae
Immature Greyhounds and terriers appear to be predisposed to tibial tuberosity avulsions
C
Which statement regarding genu valgum is incorrect?
Occurs in giant breed dogs (e.g. Irish Wolfhound)
Tends to be unilateral
Occurs at 4-5 months of age
Disturbance of distal femoral/proximal tibial physis allows the medial side of the physis to grow more rapidly than the lateral
b- bilateral
