16 carpus and tarsus Flashcards
the radial carpal bone has how many ossification centres?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
C
If an xray beam passes through the tarsus from the dorsomedial aspect to the plantarolateral aspect, which parts of the limb will become form conspicuous?
a) dorsolateral and dorsomedial
b) dorsomedial and plantarolateral
c) dorsolateral and plantaromedial
d) palmaromedial and dorsolateral
C
the carpal joints are…
a) diarthroidal
b) synarthroidal
c) amphiarthrodial
A
one in which the adjoining bone ends are covered with a thin cartilaginous sheet and joined by a joint capsule lined by a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid- synovial joint
a) black arrows- sesamoid of the adductor pollicis longus, white- accessory carpal bone
b) black- lateral plantar tarsometatarsal bone, white- intra-articular tarsometatarsal bone
c) black- intra-articular tarsometatarsal bone, white- lateral plantar tarsometatarsal bone
C
what is this likely to be in a racing greyhound
stress osteitis
a) fracture
b) OCD
c) aneurysmal bone cyst
B
What is the most frequent location of OCD out of the below?
a) distal radius
b) medial trochlear ridge of the talus
c) lateral trochlear ridge of the talus
d) distal tibia
B
which ossification centre closes before birth?
a) proximal metacarpal
b) distal metacarpal
c) proximal physis of the proximal phalanges
d) radial carpal bone ossification centres
A
which is true for OCD of the lateral ridge of the talus?
a) appears radiographically as a crescent shaped bone defect
b) increased width of the medial tarsocrural joint
c) easy to differentiate from traumatic injuries of the short lateral collateral ligaments which can also result in fragmentation or avulsion of the lateral trochlear ridge.
d) hard to differentiate from oblique osteochondral fracture creating a large joint mouse
D is true.
a and b for medial ocd
d hard to distinguish
a) osteosarcoma
b) bone cyst
c) osteochondrosarcoma
d) osteochondroma
D
you perform radiographs on a lame Scottish fold cat. Other than the changes shown in the radiographs, where else might you expect to find abnormalities?
a) cervical spine
b) tail
c) skull
d) ribs
B. osteochondrodysplasia of Scottish folds.
which statement is true?
a) fragmented metacarpophalangeal sesmoid bones are considered a cause of lameness, particularly in GSD
b) the most commonly affected metacarpophalangeal sesamoids are numbers 2 and 8
c) fragmentation may represent osteonecrosis or congenital fragmentation
d) fragmented metatarsophalangeal sesamoids in rottweilers are a common cause of lameness in this breed.
C is true
a- rottweilers
b- 2 and 7
d- the manus is more common.
which is true about feline rheumatoid arthritis and feline chronic progressive
polyarthropathy?
a) osteoproliferative and erosive
b) older cats more commonly affected
c) female cats more commonly affected
d) usually normothermic with no systemic signs
A
more common in young males
usually fever and malaise
what is this?
a) epiphyseal dysplasia
b) erosive arthropathy
c) osteomyelitis
d) physitis
B erosive polyarthropathy
a) hypervitaminosis a
b) hypovitaminosis D
c) hyperparathyroidism
d) mucopolysaccaridosis
D. There is normal production
of physeal cartilage but concurrent failure of metaphyseal
ossification by the process of endochondral
ossification. The result is that the physes grow wider than
normal (Figure 16.54). The adjacent metaphyseal bone is
present as an opaque margin of bone that is wider than
normal, and may be saucer shaped. These changes may
be seen at any physis but are always most dramatic in the
distal radius and ulna
a) hypervitaminosis a
b) hypovitaminosis D
c) hyperparathyroidism
d) mucopolysaccaridosis
C. Generalized skeletal under-mineralization is a feature of
the various forms (primary, renal, nutritional) of hyperparathyroidism
(see also Chapters 8, 11 and 21). In young
actively growing animals, metaphyseal opacity due to
normal endochondral ossification contrasts with the
surrounding relative osteolucency, which is a result of
active mineral resorption
a) more likely benign
b) more likely malignant
c) difficult to distinguish
C. keratoacanthoma.
Benign nail bed tumors, such as epithelial inclusion cysts and subungual keratoacanthoma (SKA), are less common than malignant tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and mast cell tumors.1-3 Subungual keratoacanthoma, also called infundibular keratinizing acanthoma, has rarely been reported in dogs. lysis is therefore not pathognomic for an aggressive neoplasm. can also get geographic lysis. also get thickened claw- 2 papers on this disease in 2022 in vru
5m ME GSD, shifting lameness
a) osteomyelitis
b) panosteitis
c) hypertrophic osteopathy
d) osteosarcoma
B, but should rule out haematogenous osteomyelitis depending on clinical signs
