13 elbow

Question 1

fractures of which humeral condyle are more common?
a) lateral
b) medial

Answer 1

A

Question 2

what is a monteggia fracture?
a) proximal radial fracture (articular or non- articular) with luxation of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joint
b) proximal ulnar fracture (articular or non-articular) accompanied by cranial luxation of the proximal radius and distal ulnar fragment
c) This is a proximal radial fracture (articular or non-articular) accompanied by cranial luxation of the proximal radius
d) intra- articular fracture of the radial head.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

where is the most common site for olecranon fractures in mature dogs?
a) involving the semilunar notch
b) through the physis or physeal scar
c) involving the bilunar notch
d) the anconeal process

Answer 3

A

Question 4

ununited medial epicondyle is seen in which breeds?
a) golden retriever
b) rottweiler
c) briard
d) labrador retriever

Answer 4

D

Question 5

the ossification centre of the medial epicondyle should be visible when in dogs?
a) 4-6w
b) 6-8w
c) 8-10w
d) 10-12w

Answer 5

b. Same in cats

Question 6

closure of the medial epicondyle growth plate occurs when in dogs?
a) 8-10w
b) 6-8 months
c) 18-24months
d) 12 months

Answer 6

B

Question 7

both the radius and ulna usually luxate… in primary luxation
a) laterally
b) medially

Answer 7

A

Question 8

the most common site of OC in the elbow is?
a) capitulum
b) trochlea of the humerus
c) proximal ulna
d) proximal radius

Answer 8

B- medial aspect of the humeral condyle

Question 9

the ossification centre between the capitulum and trochlea should fuse by…
a) 60d
b) 70d
c) 60-90 d
d)100d

Answer 9

C but can be more with standard deviation

Question 10

what is distractio cubiti/ dysostosis enchondralis?

Answer 10

This condition results from non-traumatic asynchronous growth of the radius and ulna in chondrodystrophic breeds, leading to elbow incongruity. Lameness may start from 3–4 months of age or only at skeletal maturity. The end result is distal subluxation of the trochlear notch relative to the humeral condyles and radial head. It is common in Basset Hounds (similar to premature closure of the ulnar physis)

Question 11

what is this?

Answer 11

patella cubiti. This is a poorly described anomaly in dogs and humans in which a unilateral or bilateral patella-shaped structure is seen proximal or medial to the olecranon. The typical shape may only be seen on one of several elbow views (Figure 13.54). Older literature wrongly described UAP and the sesamoid in the supinator longus muscle as patella cubiti. Various aetiologies have been proposed, which include the presence of a sesamoid bone in the triceps insertion ligaments, congenital non-fusion of the olecranon to the ulna (possibly resulting in pseudoarthrosis) and traumatic atypical olecranon avulsion.