8 bones juvenile Flashcards
1) Which organs are important for turning vitamin D into the metabolically active form?
a) Small intestines
b) Liver
c) Kidneys
d) B and C
D
2) The physis of the anconeal process in the dog should be closed by…
a) 5 months
b) 7 months
c) 160 days
d) 115 days
A, or 150d
3) The femoral capital physis in a cat should be closed by…
a) 5 months
b) 7 months
c) 11 months
d) 14 months
C, 7-11mo
4) Which enzyme converts vitamin d into calcidiol
a) Vitamin D-25 Hydroxylester
b) Vitamin D-25 Hydroxylase
c) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol α- hydroxylase
d) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol β- hydroxylase
B
5) Which enzyme converts calcidiol to calcitriol?
a) Vitamin D-25 Hydroxylester
b) Vitamin D-25 Hydroxylase
c) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol α- hydroxylase
d) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol β- hydroxylase
C
6) Which is not an important role for calcitriol
a) Necessary for mineralisation of osteoid and cartilage
b) Increases the osteoclastic activity in bones
c) Increases renal excretion of calcium
d) Increases absorption of calcium from the small intestines
6) C, reduces excretion
7) Which is not a feature of premature closure of the distal ulna physis?
a) Cranial bowing of the radius
b) Carpal varus
c) Proximal displacement of the styloid process
d) Widened humeroulnar joint with distortion and distal subluxation of the trochlear notch.
7) B, should be valgus.
8) Which is not a feature of premature closure of the distal radial physis?
a) Carpal varus
b) Widened radioulnar and humeroulnar joints
c) Proximal subluxation of the radial head
d) Inward rotation of the manus
8) C, should be distal subluxation
9) Radiographically it can be hard to tell the difference between nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and…
a) Mucopolysaccharidosis
b) Osteogenesis imperfecta
c) Dysostoses
d) Epiphyseal dysplasia
B
10) Retained cartilage cores most commonly occur where?
a) Distal radius
b) Distal tibia
c) Distal femur
d) Distal ulna
D
11) In foals, haematogenous osteomyelitis is commonly found at which locations in the bone?
a) Epiphysis
b) Diaphysis
c) Metaphysis
d) A and C
e) B and C
11) D due to transphyseal vessels in this species
a) Hypovitaminosis D
b) Hypovitaminosis A
c) Pituitary dwarfism
d) Chondrodysplasias
12) A, can mimic some chondrodysplasias, some but not all features of MPS
13) What is the difference between bone cysts and giant cell tumours?
a) Bone cysts have geographic lysis whereas giant cell tumours always have moth-eaten or permeative lysis
b) Giant cell tumours can extend into the epiphysis whereas cysts as usually metaphyseal or diaphyseal
c) Giant cell tumours are always multicameral but cysts are usually unicameral.
B
14) What stage of metaphyseal osteopathy/ hypertrophic osteodystrophy is this?
a) Early
b) Mid
c) Late
d) Inactive
C, no mid stage.
early-An irregular radiolucent line is visible in the metaphyses of long bones, parallel and adjacent to the radiolucent physis
* Occasionally, metaphyseal opacification without a radiolucent line is the only radiological change observed in the early stage of this disease.
* Surrounding soft tissue swelling may be present.
15) Which of these diseases does not have radiographic findings which could also be seen with canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
a) Lead poisoning
b) Metaphyseal osteopathy
c) Craniomandibular osteopathy
d) osteomyelitis
A
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