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History-Cold War > 9. Krushchev and East-West relations > Flashcards

9. Krushchev and East-West relations Flashcards

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1
Q

why did Khrushchev want to de-stalinise the soviet bloc?

A
  • wanted to redefine relationships between soviet union and eastern bloc
  • long term political stability
  • improve living conditions
  • did this through secret speech February, 1956
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2
Q

what was the impact of Khrushchev’s secret speech?

A
  • implications on the stability of the Eastern Bloc

- uprisings in Poland and Hungary

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3
Q

when was the Poland uprising and what sparked it ?

A

June-October 1956

-not only the secret speech, but universal wage cuts in Poland

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4
Q

what were the demands of the polish after the secret speech?

A
  • demanding political freedom

- national sovereignty

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5
Q

when+ why did workers go on strike in Poland and what happened?

A
  • 28th June, 1956
  • strike in protest of wage cuts and poor working conditions
  • leading to anti-communist armed uprisings
  • K threatened military intervention if G didn’t cooperate
  • allowed G a nationalist leader to be elected if he didn’t carry out any reforms that would threaten local communist
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6
Q

why was force not used in Poland?

A
  • because of support from Beijing towards the polish communist party
  • easy resolutions made
  • G balanced need for polish security with conforming to how a soviet satellite state should behave
  • replacement was Edward Ochab to implement de-Stalinisation in Poland
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7
Q

when was the Hungarian Uprising?

A

October-November 1956

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8
Q

what first happened in the Hungarian Uprising?

A
  • Oct: students in Budapest gave list of 16 demands
  • by next day escalated to an armed revolt demonstrators were shot by Hungarian secret police
  • the workers and students joined together to seize power from local communist authorities.
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9
Q

what we the most significant points on the list of 16 demands in Hungarian Uprising

A
  • Imre Nagy to be appointed prime minister 24th october 1956
  • withdraw soviet troops from Hungary
  • freedom of speech and press
  • multi-party elections
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10
Q

what happened in Nagy’s meeting with the soviet delegation (Hungary)?

A
  • convinced them military intervention was not needed
  • argued the revolt could be calmed
  • assures Moscow of Hungarian loyalty
  • K agreed to withdraw troops from Budapest
  • declared they would withdraw troops from all of Hungary
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11
Q

why did Red army declare they would withdraw troops from all of Hungary?

A
  • partly due to pressure from China

- did not want further engage in military action in Hungary

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12
Q

why did Moscow fear the collapse of communism in Hungary?

A
  • introduction of Multi-party elections
  • dissolution of secret police
  • moves towards freedom of press
  • Hungarian withdrawal from Warsaw pact 31st October, 1956
  • therefore reversed decision to withdraw troops November, 1956
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13
Q

what were the impacts of Hungarian Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact?

A
  • Red army and tanks surrounded Budapest
  • rising was crushed
  • 4000 killed
  • new government installed
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14
Q

what did the Hungarian uprising show?

A
  • lack of western intervention reassured USSR that any further problems created would have no western intervention
  • east Europe back under soviet control
  • peaceful coexistence compromised
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15
Q

what did the 20th congress of the communist party show and how?

A
  • February, 1956 (secret speech)
  • fundamental shift in USSR thinking
  • abandoned conventional Marxist-Leninist view
  • believed communism would become powerful without war
  • that capitalism would fall on its own.
  • therefore resources would be concentrated on internal progress not war.
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16
Q

which of Khrushchev’s foreign policy’s were the same as Stalin?

A
  • soviet union remain unchallenged leader of world wide communism (fuck China)
  • maintain grip on satellite states
  • Germany must be prevented re-arming
  • USSR expand nuclear capailites
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17
Q

which of Khrushchev’s foreign policy’s were different to Stalin?

A
  • spending in military security=reduced
  • international tension diffused
  • don’t provoke the USA

theerfore he would= engage the USA in diplomacy

18
Q

what were the impacts of Stalinist aggression?

A
  • escalation of expenses

- government debt

19
Q

when and what was agreed in the Austrian state treaty and what did this show?

A
  • may, 1955
  • withdrawal of all western occupying troops from westG
  • Austria would neutral
  • showed intent of mutual cooperation
  • removed a major source of conflict
  • west removed troops from west Germany
20
Q

when was the Geneva summit?

A

September, 1955

21
Q

why did Khrushchev want to slow down the arms race?

A
  • russia needed troops to ensure compliance in eastern states
  • needed troops for Russian security
  • needed to focus on internal economic development in the soviet union
  • he would do this by having a less confrontational relationship with the west
22
Q

why did the Geneva summit happen?

A
  • to diffuse tenions
  • also the entry of west Germany into NATO and their rearmament
  • to assure french that the reassurance of german military would be assessed
  • US placed troops in Europe= concerned Khrushchev
23
Q

what were the 2 major issues and outcome of the Geneva summit?

A
  • nuclear disarmament
  • future of Germany
  • agreement of free elections HOWEVER nothing was set up to make this a reality
  • (no satisfying outcome reached)
24
Q

what was the aim and outcome of the ‘open skies proposal’?

A
  • eisenhower proposed at the geneva summit September, 1955
  • to end deadlock over superpowers inspecting each others arsenals and ariel satellites to monitor
  • a step closer to disarmament
  • K rejected
25
Q

what was proposed about the future of Germany at the Geneva summit?

A
  • eisenhower proposed a reunified Germany, free elections and determine its own security (basically NATO)
  • k would only agree if it was demilitarised and neutral
26
Q

what impact did the Geneva summit have in the cold war?

A
  • marked the beginning of dialogue between superpowers
  • point of calm in international relations
  • foundation of peaceful coexistence
27
Q

what was discussed during Camp David talks?

A

September 1959

  • disarmament
  • situation in Berlin
  • agreed to settle international issues through diplomacy
28
Q

what was the impact of Camp David talks on the Sino-Soviet relations + what did it assure the west of?

A
  • caused a deterioration between china and russia

- assured west that communist power bloc had not been created by a Sino-Soviet alliance

29
Q

what summit did Camp David talks lead to?

A

-Paris summit May, 1960

30
Q

what was Khrushchev’s aim for the Paris summit?

A
  • deal over Berlin

- agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons in Pacific and Germany

31
Q

what did china declare in 1960 and what did it mark?

A
  • would not bind itself to an agreement it had not been involved with (relating to decisions made at the paris summit)
  • marked an end of Sino-Soviet relations
32
Q

why did the Paris summit collapse?

A

-news that the American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the soviet union
allowed Krushchev to calm Chinese opposition

33
Q

what date was the Sino-Soviet split?

A

-1960

34
Q

was Kennedy republican or Democratic?

A

-Democratic

35
Q

when did Kennedy take office?

A

January, 1961

36
Q

what was said in Kennedy’s inauguration speech and what’ did it show?

A
  • do anything regardless of the cost to ensure liberty and freedom
  • seemed to condemn future of peaceful coexistence
37
Q

what provocative actions did Kennedy take after inauguration?

A

-increased defence budget
-promised more troops
-wanted the expansion of nuclear arsenal
and after vienna he wanted:
1. increase in defines spending
2. reactivate ships
3. call on army reserves
4. build up of NATO forces

38
Q

when and where did Kennedy and Khrushchev meet for the first time and what did this show?

A
  • Vienna (it was a reaffirmation of k’s faith in peaceful coexistence)
  • June, 1961
39
Q

what did Khrushchev believe about Kennedy after first meet?

A
  • young and politically vulnerable

- easily manipulated

40
Q

what later evidence proved to Khrushchev what he first believed about Kennedy

A
  • kennedy proved he was politically vulnerable + easily manipulated
  • seen in the ‘bay of pigs’ (unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro communist government
41
Q

how did Kennedy create a stalemate for east west relations?

A
  • refused to compromise on the status of Berlin

- ignoring Khrushchev’s demand that berlin should not be an ‘escape route’ for east germans

42
Q

what did Khrushchev’s dealings with Polish uprisings show?

A

-Moscow would allow satellite states some independence

History-Cold War (26 decks)

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