15. Cooperation

Question 1

explain Khrushchev’s attitudes before the Missile Crisis?

Answer 1

• wanted to focus on domestic development
• endorsed peaceful coexistence, but faced criticism from Mao
• his policies had to represent a strong anti capitalist stance to maintain soviet dominance in communist world

Question 2

explain Khrushchev’s attitudes after the Missile Crisis?

Answer 2

• open to discussions regarding nuclear weapons reductions

- open to US-Soviet relationship based on mutual restraint

Question 3

explain Kennedy’s attitudes before the Missile Crisis?

Answer 3

• interested in peaceful coexistence but faced criticism that he was too ‘soft’ on communism
• policies like Khru had to reflect an anti-communist stance

Question 4

explain Kennedy’s attitudes after the Missile Crisis?

Answer 4

• openly expressed the goal of reducing nuclear weapons

- began negotiations w/ nuclear powers to prevent further use of Nweapons

Question 5

explain the Moscow treaty ban?

Answer 5

• banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere/ any other environment where radioactive debris could spread
• treaty signed by: USA, UK and USSR
• France+China refused and continued underground testing into 1990’s

Question 6

explain the Non-Proliferation Treaty?

Answer 6

• July 1968
• agreement not to transfer any nuclear weapons, but allowed to use nuclear energy for use of peaceful purposes eg.fuel
• meant that non nuclear states wouldn’t be able to establish nuclear arsenals
• most countries in the UN signed

Question 7

what did the Moscow treaty ban treaty show?

Answer 7

• first collective agreement to establish limitations on nuclear arms
• confirmed USA, Britain and USSR were committed to easing cold war tensions
• one step towards the development of future agreements

Question 8

explain the shifting balance of nuclear weapons?

Answer 8

• nuclear powers had relied on MAD as a deterrent against nuclear war
• despite Moscow test ban treaty USSR continued to produce ICBM’s, but by end of 1960’s nuclear strength was comparable to USA’s
• USA responded by making MIRV’s (one rocket could deploy multiple war heads w/ different targets) and soviet ABMS could stop these

Question 9

explain the cutback in materials for nuclear weapons?

Answer 9

-USA and USSR agreed to continue discussions about limiting nuclear capabilities due to:
-concern about consequences of nuclear war
-pressure from countries concerned about nuclear
war threatening their citizens
-cost of the arms race, staggering US and USSr
abilities to fund domestic agenda’s
-US wanted to improve relations with USSR which had been weakened by Vietnam war
-USSR wanted to work on this due to deteriorating Sino-Soviet relations