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History-Cold War > 1. origins of the cold war > Flashcards

1. origins of the cold war Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of market economies did USA + western countries have?

A
  • free market economies
  • competition and free exchange of goods with minimal government intervention
  • citizens to select their leaders from a range of candidates
  • leading capitalist democracies
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2
Q

what did karl marx believe?

A

-that capitalism led to the exploitation of the proletarian majority by the ruling bourgeoisie, founding father of communism

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3
Q

when was the Russian revolution and who was it led by?

A
  • 1917
  • lenin leading to the first communist state in the world led by lenin
  • communism was then modified by stalin when he became leader
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4
Q

explain capitalism vs communism

A
  • they believed each ideology should dominate in as many other nations as possible
  • causing conflict due to global aspirations
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5
Q

when was yalta with what leaders?

A

4-11th feb 1945

  • Stalin:Russia
  • roosevelt:America
  • Churchill:Britain
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6
Q

what and when was the second front opened?

A
  • 1944

- invasion of Nazi occupied France

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7
Q

what were the agreements made at Yalta?

A
  • 5 main ones
    1. Germany divided into 4 zones (1 to every power)
    2. berlin also divided into 4 zones
    3. UNO formally ratified
    4. USSR get land from Poland and Poland explained westward
    5. declaration of liberated Europe created
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8
Q

what did decisions made at Yalta show?

A
  • seemed optimistic
  • however relationship between Stalin + Churchill was deteriorating =showing cracks already
  • high point of inter-allied cooperation and outcomes reaffirmed its stability
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9
Q

how many Russians died in ww11

A

-20 million

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10
Q

what were stalin’s priorities in Europe?

A
  • Europe remaining in the Soviet sphere
  • turning Germany communist
  • keeping Germany unified but economically weak
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11
Q

what was Roosevelt committed too?

A
  • cooperation
  • long lasting post war peace
  • post-war reconstruction based on unity between powers, and to represent the American concept of democracy believed it was in the interest of all states
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12
Q

why can it be said that roosevelt was naive towards USSR security needs

A
  • roosevelt believed every expansion and consolidation of military power was invasionist
  • however he didn’t understand the security needs of the USSR
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13
Q

why did churchill see USSR as a threat?

A
  • threat to Britain’s imperial interests

- wanted to close alliance with USA to counteract the threat

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14
Q

what was agreed in the percentage’s agreement and what it show??

A 
1944
Romania: USSR-90%   Britain 10%
Hungary: USSR-50%   Britain 50%
Greece:   USSR-10%   Britain 90%
-churchill trying to control soviet explanation in Eastern Europe + protecting british interests
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15
Q

why were there disagreements over the declaration of liberated Europe?

A
  • over how it was interpreted

- how it would be applied specifically to Poland

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16
Q

what was still happening during Potsdam and what did this mean?

A
  • war with Japan and stalin remained as help
  • first successful detonation of the atomic bomb
  • truman hoped he would have diplomatic leverage to ensure stalin’s loyalty
17
Q

when was/ who was at Potsdam?

A
  • July/August 1945
  • Stalin
  • Truman
  • Attlee
18
Q

what was Potsdam characterised by?

A
  • trumans abrasive diplomacy
  • russia remained unintimidated by USA’s nuclear monopoly
  • approach of confrontation rather than cooperation and hoped nuclear monopoly would help cooperation
  • believed this was the only approach stalin would understand
19
Q

what were decisions made at Potsdam?

A
  • demilitarisation
  • de-nazification of Germany (all nazi members removed from office and official positions)
  • freedom of speech
  • Germany a single economic unit
  • USSR receive reparations
20
Q

what was the overall flaw at decisions made at Potsdam?

A
  • no long term plans made for Germany
  • tensions between Stalin and Western powers
  • didn’t reinforce international cooperation
21
Q

what was a similar interest Truman and Attlee had at Potsdam?

A

-wanted a post war world based on self determination + open world trading system on economic cooperation

22
Q

what were stalin’s thoughts about Potsdam and how this impacted his actions?

A

-believed US+allies were potential rivals for european dominance reinforcing obsession with soviet security
-time for cooperation had passed
this:
-reinforced his obsession with soviet security
-meant that Red army kept their presence in East Europe
-intensified pro-communist regime

23
Q

what did Attlee think about Germany at Potsdam and what did that mean?

A
  • thought germans geostratic position in Europe was important in light of soviet expansion
  • british foreign policy became focused to an anti-communist stance
24
Q

give reasons for the collapse of the grand alliance?

A
  • Roosevelt’s commitment to a post war world based on unity
  • US atomic monopoly
  • problems over Poland
  • ideological differences
  • no long term plan for Germany
25
Q

explain US atomic monopoly as a reason for the collapse of the grand alliance?

A
  • Potsdam happened after first successful deterioration of atomic bomb, truman believed it would provide him with diplomatic leverage to ensure stalin’s loyalty
  • due to trumans misplaced confidence he was undiplomatic and aggressive seeming like he had no experience in foreign policies
  • truman believed the USSR were not receptive to diplomacy and atomic monopoly would be the only solution
26
Q

explain problems over Germany as a reason for the collapse of the grand alliance?

A
  • stalin wanted eastern Europe to be within the soviet sphere but wanted to keep the whole of Germany economically weak
  • fractions =uprisings
  • geostrategic significance in Europe was good
  • no long plan made in Potsdam worked to Stalin’s advantage
27
Q

explain stalin’s aims for yalta?

A
  • red army would ensure a soviet sphere of influence in Europe and Asia
  • reparations should be taken from Germany
  • Baltic states should be used as a buffer zone, to protect against possible future aggression from the west
  • territory USSR had gained through the Motolov-Ribbentrop Pact 1939 should be retained
  • also viewed Yalta as anti-USSR
28
Q

explain Churchill’s aims for yalta?

A
  • protect Poland
  • maintain spheres of influence in Europe that were agreed at percentages agreement
  • protect british and french colonial interests
29
Q

explain roosevelt aims for yalta?

A
  • deal with Stalin was needed because USSR had a lot of control, and help was needed against Japan
  • Decolonisation
  • four most powerful countries (inc. China) should act as the ‘four policemen’.

History-Cold War (26 decks)

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