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History-Cold War > 5. widening of the cold war 1949-55 > Flashcards

5. widening of the cold war 1949-55 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the state of japans natural resources befor ww11?

A
  • limited
  • needed to expand their imperial force but americans restricted this
  • ev: manchuria crisis
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2
Q

how did Japan try to reduce American influence in regions they wanted to expand to?

A

-Japanese alliance with Germany = pearl harbour

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3
Q

why did US decide to drop bomb on Japan?

A
  • Japan tried to reduce American influence in regions they wanted to expand to = alliance with Germany and pearl harbour
  • estimated loss of 7 million troops fighting neighbouring islands
  • russia was keen to aid in the fight for japan, US didn’t want Russian involvement
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4
Q

what was the reverse course and why?

A

-1947
-US would not focus on the punishment of japan
-develop democratic institutions = political stability
-stopped hunting Japanese war criminals and instead communist sympathisers
why:
-pragmatic: japan remains an ally
-essential for it to be a capitalist power base in east Asia

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5
Q

how did the reverse course affect Japanese economy? (give 3)

A

-stabilisation
-accelerated recovery
-price/wage controls
-efficient taxation system
stabilised the economy by:
-mimicking the US economy
-created a surplus of income

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6
Q

what aspect of Japanese heritage was maintained?

A
  • use of hierarchical figures to rule

- role of Japanese emperor still in place

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7
Q

who was the economic advisor of SCAP?

A
  • joseph dodge

- he drafted pans for economic stabilisation in Japan

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8
Q

how important was japan in US policy after Korean war?

A
  • very important

- crucial in US quest to contain communism

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9
Q

what did japan propose to the US after Korea?

A
  • japanese pm saw opportunity to negotiated a peace treaty with US
  • in return for sovereignty and security for allowing US troops on Japanese territory
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10
Q

when was the Sino-Soviet alliance

A

1950

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11
Q

-when was the San Fran peace treaty and who signed?

A

-September, 1951
-between Japan and many other powers
-USSR and China didnt sign
SURPRISE SURFUCKINGPRISE

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12
Q

what did the San Fran peace treaty do for Japan?

A
  • recognise sovereignty of Japanese

- Force japan to renounce claims on neighbouring lands

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13
Q

what did the San Fran peace treaty NOT do?

A
  • didn’t place restrictions on Japanese economy
  • didn’t make Japan responsible for the war
  • didn’t restrict future rearmament or impose reparations
  • VERY FAIR TREATY
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14
Q

how did the San Fran peace treaty affect america?

A
  • unrestricted access to J military bases
  • could intervene in J domestic issues
  • can Veto japan offering military base to other states
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15
Q

what did MacArthur order japan to have?

A

-75,000 strong police reserve trained by the US

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16
Q

when eisenhower took office what changed in Japan?

A
  • Dulles wanted an enlarged Japanese grand force

- new 140,000 strong defence supported by 250 mil from US

17
Q

explain conflict between china and taiwan

A
  • 1921
  • try to rid China of war lords preventing a strong central government, lasted until the white terror when nationalists purged communists
  • 1945 Chiang and zedong meet =agreement
  • agreed on importance of democracy + unified military
  • but in 46 a civil war role, ending brief coalition
  • 1949 FUCK OFF CHIANG HERES MAO
18
Q

what was published in the ‘China white paper’?

A
  • US policy to china changed
  • Chinese forces should determine outcome of their own war
  • however secret US aid still given to nationals because no one wanted to be blamed with facilitating the loss of China
  • for mao it meant he would no longer have to worry about US intervention and aid if Chiang was exiled
19
Q

who and when establiced the PRC? what did this mean?

A
  • Mao
  • 1949
  • meant that Communists had won the civil war
  • Truman administration blamed for the loss of China
20
Q

what did the US want to secretly provide to an exiled Chiang?

A
  • committed to supporting Chiang in Taiwan but secretly
  • so US didn’t look imperialistic
  • didn’t want to reinforce the sino-soviet alliance
21
Q

when were the PRC recognised

A

-1970

US contused to recognise ROC in Taiwan as chinas true government (seat in UN)

22
Q

what did Chiang do to communists when he came into power?

A

-1925, purged the communists

23
Q

what policy did mao introduce that ruined china+ why?

A
  • 1958, the great leap forward
  • to increase agricultural production
  • 4 yrs of flooding+famine = 40 million starved to death
24
Q

when was Mao pushed out of power?

A

-1962

25
Q

can you name the difference groups in china?

A

KMT-chaing
ROC-is once chaing flees to Taiwan
PRC-Mao, within China

26
Q

when and what was the defensive Perimeter strategy?

A
  • January, 1950
  • focused on military security of Pacific and USA should ensure this
  • argued military defence of Japan
27
Q

why was the defensive Perimeter strategy criticised?

A
  • for excluding Korea and Taiwan

- but US still committed to protecting SK

28
Q

when was NSC-68 proposed?

A
  • September, 1949
29
Q

what was a trigger for NSC-68 being proposed

A
  • September, 1949
  • USSR tested its first atomic bomb
  • trumans loss of China
  • review of US strategic objectives
30
Q

what did NSC-68 show?

A
  • urgency to build US political and economic power

- emphasis on military influencing containment

31
Q

what were the MAIN objectives of NSC-68?

give 4

A

-increase of ALL atomic capabilities (air/sea)
-military readiness
-economic strength maximised
help anti-communist antions stabilise
-place strain on soviet structure of Power
-keep public fully informed about thetas

32
Q

what happened in 1949?

A

June: China red
august: USSR atomic bomb
Sept: NSC-68 proposed

33
Q

what happened in 1950?

A

January: Strategic perimeter
April: Sino-Soviet treaty
June: Start of Korean war
November: China joins NK in war on SK

34
Q

when does Eisenhower become president?

A

-January, 1953

History-Cold War (26 decks)

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