5. widening of the cold war 1949-55 Flashcards
what was the state of japans natural resources befor ww11?
- limited
- needed to expand their imperial force but americans restricted this
- ev: manchuria crisis
how did Japan try to reduce American influence in regions they wanted to expand to?
-Japanese alliance with Germany = pearl harbour
why did US decide to drop bomb on Japan?
- Japan tried to reduce American influence in regions they wanted to expand to = alliance with Germany and pearl harbour
- estimated loss of 7 million troops fighting neighbouring islands
- russia was keen to aid in the fight for japan, US didn’t want Russian involvement
what was the reverse course and why?
-1947
-US would not focus on the punishment of japan
-develop democratic institutions = political stability
-stopped hunting Japanese war criminals and instead communist sympathisers
why:
-pragmatic: japan remains an ally
-essential for it to be a capitalist power base in east Asia
how did the reverse course affect Japanese economy? (give 3)
-stabilisation
-accelerated recovery
-price/wage controls
-efficient taxation system
stabilised the economy by:
-mimicking the US economy
-created a surplus of income
what aspect of Japanese heritage was maintained?
- use of hierarchical figures to rule
- role of Japanese emperor still in place
who was the economic advisor of SCAP?
- joseph dodge
- he drafted pans for economic stabilisation in Japan
how important was japan in US policy after Korean war?
- very important
- crucial in US quest to contain communism
what did japan propose to the US after Korea?
- japanese pm saw opportunity to negotiated a peace treaty with US
- in return for sovereignty and security for allowing US troops on Japanese territory
when was the Sino-Soviet alliance
1950
-when was the San Fran peace treaty and who signed?
-September, 1951
-between Japan and many other powers
-USSR and China didnt sign
SURPRISE SURFUCKINGPRISE
what did the San Fran peace treaty do for Japan?
- recognise sovereignty of Japanese
- Force japan to renounce claims on neighbouring lands
what did the San Fran peace treaty NOT do?
- didn’t place restrictions on Japanese economy
- didn’t make Japan responsible for the war
- didn’t restrict future rearmament or impose reparations
- VERY FAIR TREATY
how did the San Fran peace treaty affect america?
- unrestricted access to J military bases
- could intervene in J domestic issues
- can Veto japan offering military base to other states
what did MacArthur order japan to have?
-75,000 strong police reserve trained by the US
when eisenhower took office what changed in Japan?
- Dulles wanted an enlarged Japanese grand force
- new 140,000 strong defence supported by 250 mil from US
explain conflict between china and taiwan
- 1921
- try to rid China of war lords preventing a strong central government, lasted until the white terror when nationalists purged communists
- 1945 Chiang and zedong meet =agreement
- agreed on importance of democracy + unified military
- but in 46 a civil war role, ending brief coalition
- 1949 FUCK OFF CHIANG HERES MAO
what was published in the ‘China white paper’?
- US policy to china changed
- Chinese forces should determine outcome of their own war
- however secret US aid still given to nationals because no one wanted to be blamed with facilitating the loss of China
- for mao it meant he would no longer have to worry about US intervention and aid if Chiang was exiled
who and when establiced the PRC? what did this mean?
- Mao
- 1949
- meant that Communists had won the civil war
- Truman administration blamed for the loss of China
what did the US want to secretly provide to an exiled Chiang?
- committed to supporting Chiang in Taiwan but secretly
- so US didn’t look imperialistic
- didn’t want to reinforce the sino-soviet alliance
when were the PRC recognised
-1970
US contused to recognise ROC in Taiwan as chinas true government (seat in UN)
what did Chiang do to communists when he came into power?
-1925, purged the communists
what policy did mao introduce that ruined china+ why?
- 1958, the great leap forward
- to increase agricultural production
- 4 yrs of flooding+famine = 40 million starved to death
when was Mao pushed out of power?
-1962
can you name the difference groups in china?
KMT-chaing
ROC-is once chaing flees to Taiwan
PRC-Mao, within China
when and what was the defensive Perimeter strategy?
- January, 1950
- focused on military security of Pacific and USA should ensure this
- argued military defence of Japan
why was the defensive Perimeter strategy criticised?
- for excluding Korea and Taiwan
- but US still committed to protecting SK
when was NSC-68 proposed?
- September, 1949
what was a trigger for NSC-68 being proposed
- September, 1949
- USSR tested its first atomic bomb
- trumans loss of China
- review of US strategic objectives
what did NSC-68 show?
- urgency to build US political and economic power
- emphasis on military influencing containment
what were the MAIN objectives of NSC-68?
give 4
-increase of ALL atomic capabilities (air/sea)
-military readiness
-economic strength maximised
help anti-communist antions stabilise
-place strain on soviet structure of Power
-keep public fully informed about thetas
what happened in 1949?
June: China red
august: USSR atomic bomb
Sept: NSC-68 proposed
what happened in 1950?
January: Strategic perimeter
April: Sino-Soviet treaty
June: Start of Korean war
November: China joins NK in war on SK
when does Eisenhower become president?
-January, 1953
