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History-Cold War > 8. Alliances and Shifts > Flashcards

8. Alliances and Shifts Flashcards

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1
Q

what was Eisenhower’s strategy in terms of alliances?

A
  • to create a global network of alliances to encircle the USSR and China
  • consequence of the strategy would be to replace US forces with US allies
  • reducing US military presence in western Europe but retain US fundamental objectives
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2
Q

what does SEATO stand for?

A

Southeast Asia treaty organisation

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3
Q

can you name 4 members of SEATO?

A
  • USA
  • Britain
  • France
  • Thailand
  • Philippines
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4
Q

how was the sino-soviet alliances strengthened?

A

-may 1953, USSR agreed to provide defence related technology to China

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5
Q

when was SEATO created and why?

A

september, 1954
-seemed to be in response to sino-soviet alliance and in response to other post war incidents that saw communism gaining power

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6
Q

what were problems with SEATO? (2)

A
  • many members e.g.Britain, were not southeast Asia countries
  • many important states that may have needed SEATO protection were not members e.g.. Vietnam
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7
Q

name the members of NATO?

A
  • Britain
  • France
  • USA
  • Netherlands
  • Belgium
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8
Q

when was NATO created and what does it show about the US?

A
  • 4th April, 1949
  • transitioned from isolationism to globalism
  • showed they were committed to long term defence go west E
  • with the aim of preventing german resurgence and reduce communism
  • primarily a political defence system rather than military
  • agreed that an attack on any will be an attack on all
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9
Q

why were members of SEATO so diverse?

A
  • member countries spread sparsely to prevent communism from absorbing southeast Asia
  • Australia also interested in asian affairs
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10
Q

what impact did SEATO have on cold war tensions?

A
  • only 3 members were asian, as a result faced charges of being a new form of western colonisation.
  • viewed as expansionist= angered Russia
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11
Q

what year did the FRG join the council of Europe?

A

november, 1949

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12
Q

when was west Germany admitted into NATO?

A

May, 1955

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13
Q

what were the impacts when west Germany was admitted into NATO?

A
  • this meant a rearmed Germany
  • It was also the final nail in the coffin as far as any possibility of a reunited Germany
  • triggered the creation of the Warsaw pact
  • creating new hostility
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14
Q

when and why was the Warsaw pact created?

A
  • may, 1955

- retaliation due to the wests decision to allow west Germany to Rearm and join NATO.

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15
Q

name for states of the Warsaw pact?

A
  • USSR
  • East Germany
  • Hungary
  • Bulgaria
  • Romania
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16
Q

what impact did the Warsaw pact have the USSR and satellite states

A

-consolidated military, economic and political between USSR and satellite states
‘joint command of armed forces’
-they acted as agents of soviet influence

17
Q

-what points did Eisenhower retain that were part of Truman’s national security policy?

A
  • USA retain influence in western Europe
  • collective western defence strategy
  • usa retain influence in Asia
  • containment of communism
  • retain strong nuclear arsenal and nuclear arsenal
18
Q

what policy did Eisenhower reject of Truman’s?

A

-Trumans commitment to major expansion of US conventional forces (army)

19
Q

what did Eisenhower believe containment had created ?

A

-a stalemate

20
Q

who was John foster Dulles?

A

-Eisenhower’s secretary of state

21
Q

what was dulles’ policy?

A
  • wanted to roll back communism

- adamant that security of US interests + national peace were dependant on reducing the influence of communism

22
Q

what part of Dulles’ policy became a part of Eisenhower’s policy?

A
  • that security of US interests + national peace were dependant on reducing the influence of communism
  • only through peaceful means
  • never attempted to undermine soviet sphere of influence
23
Q

what was the main aim of massive retaliation?

A

-empahasised the most effective way to deter aggression was to forcefully display determination to use nuclear weapons + nuclear superiority

24
Q

explain the importance of nuclear weapons in massive retaliation?

A
  • nuclear weapons had a greater significance under Eisenhower
  • increased reliance of nuclear weapons
  • most cost effective way of securing national security
25
Q

what was brinkmanship?

A
  • the ability to reach the verge of war, without engaging in war
  • USA using nuclear strength in an attempt to force agreements
26
Q

name two key aspects of nuclear diplomacy in Eisenhower’s new look policy

A
  • brinkmanship

- massive retaliation

27
Q

when was and why was the geneva conference called?

A
  • July, 1955

- In response to developments in Vietnam

28
Q

what agreements came from the Geneva conference?

A
  • ceasefire (rather than a long term solution of Vietnam’s independence as a unified state)
  • 2 zones would be created
  • french forces move from northern zone
  • nationalists withdraw from northern zone
29
Q

was there a longterm purpose for the division of Vietnam?

A
  • it was NOT meant to be long term

- national elections would take place in 2 years

30
Q

what was the name of the parallel that divided Vietnam?

A

-17th parallel

31
Q

what were the aims of the South vietnamese president.

A
  • he supported the existence of a non-communist government
  • wanted to eliminate pro-communist influence
  • the US pledged their support to his regime
32
Q

was Khrushchev committed to peaceful coexistence by 1959?

A

yes:

  • after camp David he wrote in newspaper that he was committed to peaceful coexistence
  • was committed to talks in paris peace conference, until the U2 spy plane (1960)

no:

  • 6 month ultimatum for leaving berlin however he was arguing for this as a model if
  • the Warsaw pact however this was a response to west Germany becoming a part of NATO
33
Q

name for east Germany and west Germnay?

A 
East=  GDR- German Democratic republic
West= FRG- Federal Republic of Germany

History-Cold War (26 decks)

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