8. Alliances and Shifts Flashcards
what was Eisenhower’s strategy in terms of alliances?
- to create a global network of alliances to encircle the USSR and China
- consequence of the strategy would be to replace US forces with US allies
- reducing US military presence in western Europe but retain US fundamental objectives
what does SEATO stand for?
Southeast Asia treaty organisation
can you name 4 members of SEATO?
- USA
- Britain
- France
- Thailand
- Philippines
how was the sino-soviet alliances strengthened?
-may 1953, USSR agreed to provide defence related technology to China
when was SEATO created and why?
september, 1954
-seemed to be in response to sino-soviet alliance and in response to other post war incidents that saw communism gaining power
what were problems with SEATO? (2)
- many members e.g.Britain, were not southeast Asia countries
- many important states that may have needed SEATO protection were not members e.g.. Vietnam
name the members of NATO?
- Britain
- France
- USA
- Netherlands
- Belgium
when was NATO created and what does it show about the US?
- 4th April, 1949
- transitioned from isolationism to globalism
- showed they were committed to long term defence go west E
- with the aim of preventing german resurgence and reduce communism
- primarily a political defence system rather than military
- agreed that an attack on any will be an attack on all
why were members of SEATO so diverse?
- member countries spread sparsely to prevent communism from absorbing southeast Asia
- Australia also interested in asian affairs
what impact did SEATO have on cold war tensions?
- only 3 members were asian, as a result faced charges of being a new form of western colonisation.
- viewed as expansionist= angered Russia
what year did the FRG join the council of Europe?
november, 1949
when was west Germany admitted into NATO?
May, 1955
what were the impacts when west Germany was admitted into NATO?
- this meant a rearmed Germany
- It was also the final nail in the coffin as far as any possibility of a reunited Germany
- triggered the creation of the Warsaw pact
- creating new hostility
when and why was the Warsaw pact created?
- may, 1955
- retaliation due to the wests decision to allow west Germany to Rearm and join NATO.
name for states of the Warsaw pact?
- USSR
- East Germany
- Hungary
- Bulgaria
- Romania
what impact did the Warsaw pact have the USSR and satellite states
-consolidated military, economic and political between USSR and satellite states
‘joint command of armed forces’
-they acted as agents of soviet influence
-what points did Eisenhower retain that were part of Truman’s national security policy?
- USA retain influence in western Europe
- collective western defence strategy
- usa retain influence in Asia
- containment of communism
- retain strong nuclear arsenal and nuclear arsenal
what policy did Eisenhower reject of Truman’s?
-Trumans commitment to major expansion of US conventional forces (army)
what did Eisenhower believe containment had created ?
-a stalemate
who was John foster Dulles?
-Eisenhower’s secretary of state
what was dulles’ policy?
- wanted to roll back communism
- adamant that security of US interests + national peace were dependant on reducing the influence of communism
what part of Dulles’ policy became a part of Eisenhower’s policy?
- that security of US interests + national peace were dependant on reducing the influence of communism
- only through peaceful means
- never attempted to undermine soviet sphere of influence
what was the main aim of massive retaliation?
-empahasised the most effective way to deter aggression was to forcefully display determination to use nuclear weapons + nuclear superiority
explain the importance of nuclear weapons in massive retaliation?
- nuclear weapons had a greater significance under Eisenhower
- increased reliance of nuclear weapons
- most cost effective way of securing national security
what was brinkmanship?
- the ability to reach the verge of war, without engaging in war
- USA using nuclear strength in an attempt to force agreements
name two key aspects of nuclear diplomacy in Eisenhower’s new look policy
- brinkmanship
- massive retaliation
when was and why was the geneva conference called?
- July, 1955
- In response to developments in Vietnam
what agreements came from the Geneva conference?
- ceasefire (rather than a long term solution of Vietnam’s independence as a unified state)
- 2 zones would be created
- french forces move from northern zone
- nationalists withdraw from northern zone
was there a longterm purpose for the division of Vietnam?
- it was NOT meant to be long term
- national elections would take place in 2 years
what was the name of the parallel that divided Vietnam?
-17th parallel
what were the aims of the South vietnamese president.
- he supported the existence of a non-communist government
- wanted to eliminate pro-communist influence
- the US pledged their support to his regime
was Khrushchev committed to peaceful coexistence by 1959?
yes:
- after camp David he wrote in newspaper that he was committed to peaceful coexistence
- was committed to talks in paris peace conference, until the U2 spy plane (1960)
no:
- 6 month ultimatum for leaving berlin however he was arguing for this as a model if
- the Warsaw pact however this was a response to west Germany becoming a part of NATO
name for east Germany and west Germnay?
East= GDR- German Democratic republic West= FRG- Federal Republic of Germany
