11. Conflict In Asia 1955-63 Flashcards

1
Q

when and what was the impact of the decision not to hold national elections?

A
  • 1956
  • forced Ho Chi Minh to concentrate on consolidating communist control in north Vietnam
  • and to fight the reunification of Vietnam
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2
Q

what was land reform and how was it used?

A
  • Ho chi Minh’s regime seized privately owned land and redistributed it amongst the rural farming population
  • public condemnation of landowners was common
  • thousands were executed and put in labour camps
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3
Q

what was the opposition to land reform+response?

A
  • 1956, revolt

- military killed 6,000 people

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4
Q

what did Ho Chi Minh do in response to the revolt?

A
  • August 1956,

- forced to issue a public apology for the aggressive nature of land reform

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5
Q

what was the result on the people after the land reform?

A
  • 1 million refugees fled from north to south

- many who had been impacted by the reform, were loyal communists

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6
Q

what was decided at the fifteenth plenum, of the VWP central committee?

A
  • 1958
  • Ho Chi Minh was able to commit to a strategy that would reunify Vietnam under communism
  • serving as a declaration of war on the south, with the aim to use military force to overthrow Diem’s regime to remove the power of imperialist forces
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7
Q

what was the problem with Minh’s thinking to overthrow Diem regime?

A
  • political struggle
  • problem with creating national unity in south Vietnam
  • the north had to take a stance of of supporting anti-Diem groups in the south = the national liberation front in south Vietnam
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8
Q

what type of leader was Diem?

A

-corrupt practicing nepotism
-policies were damaging
-he stole large amounts of US economic aid sent to Vietnam and gave it to family and other officials
-

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9
Q

what was Diem’s primary interest+how was this achieved?

A
  • the preservation of his own power

- achieved by creating a loyal and corrupt ruling group and the support of the USA

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10
Q

what was Diem’s approach to governing?

A
  • focused on repression and political opponents were silenced
  • looked like his regime was based on democracy but it was actually based on an oligarchy (ran by few)
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11
Q

when was the NLF formed?

A

Dec 1960

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12
Q

what was the NLF+aim?

A
  • National Liberation Front

- to free south Vietnamese from US imperialism+create a unified independent Vietnam

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13
Q

what was the NLF’s motivation?

A
  • to reject Diem’s quasi-imperialist policies
  • he had actively attempted to root out communists in south Vietnam
  • ignored interests of the majority of the people
  • local councillors replaced with government officials (many catholics)
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14
Q

explain Kennedy’s policies towards indochina?

A
  • belief in the domino theory, feared the fall of south Vietnam to communism would lead to the expansion of communism
  • advocate of containment
  • being elected in 1961, adopted policy of flexible response, wanting to reduce the possibility of nuclear war
  • wanted to strengthen south V army by proving support through economic assistance= counterinsurgency training sending 10,000 US troops
  • believed US would be able to create a democratic government that can resist communism
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15
Q

who led the NLF?

A
  • Nguen Huu Tho was the figurehead

- HOWever… Ho Chi Minh was considered as the real leader

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16
Q

explain the NLF’s views on the USA?

A
  • USA had replaced France as a colonial power
  • diems catholic government was subservient to the US
  • US did little to convince the NFL otherwise= anti-americanism within the NFL
17
Q

explain the Strategic Hamlet Programme?

A

-1962
-Kennedy and Diem wanted to place rural peasants in fortresses to isolate peasants from NFL and spread their own influence.
end of 1962= 3000 hamlets= 4 million people
-hamlets helped NFL recruitment of peasants
-soon collapsed

18
Q

explain the Buddhist Crisis?

A

-1963
-majority of vietnamese were Buddhist, but in south catholics had a lot of power
-diem showed favouritism towards catholicism
-may 1963 buddhists banned from hanging flags to celebrate Buddha’s birthday
-this discrimination= widespread opposition by Buddhists:
-hunger strikes, non-violent rallies, met with US
officials, self-immolation
-pressure on US to intervene more in South

19
Q

explain the assassination of President Diem?

A
  • due to opposition of Diem’s regime US considered removing support encouraged by Henry Lodge US ambassador to SV
  • encouraged SV generals to overthrow and 2 Nov 1963 Diem+brother were assassinated
  • extent of US involvement is heavily disputed