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History-Cold War > 14. President Nixon's Policies In Vietnam > Flashcards

14. President Nixon's Policies In Vietnam Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Nixon elected?

A

-January 1969

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2
Q

What is vietnamisation?

A

-withdrawal of US troops and replacement with SV forces

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3
Q

What did Nixon hope vietnamisation would do domestically?

A
  • reduce the anti-war sentiment within the US with the implementation of SV troops instead of US
  • strengthen his political security
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4
Q

What was Nixon’s aim with vietnamisation in vietnam?

A
  • Strengthen his negotiating position with NV as they were willing to withdraw
  • would convince NV that SV was secure against threats from US
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5
Q

Although troops were being withdrawn what was vietnamisation not?

A
  • it was not the abandonment of Vietnam

- it was a strategy to limit US engagement in unwinnable foreign conflicts

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6
Q

What did Nixon do for SV during vietnamisation and what did this show?

A
  • poured resources into SV forces
  • troops were paid more= benefits+ conditions improved
  • increase in weapons
  • ARVN increased to 1 mil by 1970
  • became an effective fighting force
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7
Q

When was the spring offensive?

A

-1972 (by NV)

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8
Q

when and What happened in the spring offensive?

A
  • 1972 (by NV)
  • 8,000 ARVN casualties
  • 5x more casualties for the north
  • ARVN supported by US bombers
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9
Q

Why did moral of ARVN remain low after spring offensive and what was the impact?

A
  • due to high casualty rate
  • problems of corruption as officers were picked on basis of loyalty to Theiu regime not ability
  • US casualties declined while ARVN casualties rose
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10
Q

What link was created between ARVN and US through vietnamisation?

A
  • much like NV depended on USSR + China

- ARVN was dependant on USA and acted as a force fighting a political war

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11
Q

What was the overall impact of vietnamisation?

A
  • positive outcomes domestically as people were happy that US seemed to take more passive roll
  • little to strengthen peace w/ honour in Vietnam
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12
Q

When did bombing start in Cambodia?

A

March, 1969

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13
Q

What was the name and aim of the bombing of Cambodia?

A
  • operation menu
  • designed to target parts of Cambodia regarded as safe by NV
  • to sever supply line on ho chi Minh trail
  • pressure north into peace settlement
  • retain commitment from SV
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14
Q

What happened when NV began to increase presence in Cambodia?

A
  • US feared possibility of communist regime as Alhambra Rouge + Vietcong allies pushed towards the capital
  • this would undermine vietnamisation as communist control would mean US forces would have to counter this attack
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15
Q

What did Nixon decide US should do about Cambodia?

A
  • show of force would show NV that US is committed to SV
  • strengthen US negotiating position
  • SV forces w/ US air support carried out raids on Cambodia
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16
Q

When did US order raids on Cambodia?

A

-April, 1970

17
Q

What announcement counteracted US commitment to SV?

A

-Nixon announced after raids on Cambodia that he would withdraw 150,000 troops within the year

18
Q

What were the positive consequences of extending the war into Cambodia for the US?

A
  • ability of Vietcong to operate in Cambodia was undermined
  • large quantities of Vietcong supplies were destroyed
  • possibility of NV offensive against SV was undermined due to losses
  • invasion increased USA commitment whilst withdrawing forces to pressure diplomacy =peace w/ honour
19
Q

What were the negative consequences of extending the war into Cambodia for the US?

A
  • no strategic gains achieved for US
  • NV moved deeper into Cambodia and strengthen support for communist regime
  • domestic opposition to war increased, cashing student protests which incurred deaths which rallied nationwide protests
  • June 1970 senate voted to remove gold of Tonkin resolution
20
Q

How did Nixon further extend the war after Cambodia?

A

-attaching the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos

21
Q

why did Nixon want to disable the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos?

A
  • feared massive communist advance in 1972

- to stall logistical support that NV were dependent on

22
Q

what and when was operation lam?

A
  • Feb, 1971
  • plan to support ARVN invasion of Laos with US air support
  • aim to disrupt NV supply lines along ho chi minh
  • ARVN attacked with 30,000
  • ARVN was forced to withdraw
23
Q

what did operation lam show?

A
  • showed the weakness of the ARVN

- showed the weakness of vietnamisation showing SV weren’t committed and effective fighting force

History-Cold War (26 decks)

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