9 Groups, teams and teamwork

Question 1

Tankekart

Answer 1

Question 2

3 konsepter fra sosialpsykologi relevant for gruppeatferd

Answer 2

Social identity theory ( Ingroup, Allport´s contact hypothesis)

Social norm theory (Sherif, Ash, Hawthorne Studies’,Big 2 stability/plasticity)

Roles (Zimbardo, Belbin TRSPI)

Question 3

Faktorer som øker sjanse for konformitet

Answer 3

stor gruppe
ingen outgroup members
women
tvetydighet

Question 4

Hewstone et al. (2002) methods for reducing in-group bias

Answer 4

teaching individuals about how to suppress their unconscious biases;

encouraging them to behave more positively towards out-group members;

increasing people’s knowledge about out-group members so that they are seen as unique individuals and not just group members;

recategorising out-group members to in-group members by emphasising or creating superordinate groups (defining the group as everyone in an organisation).

Question 5

Understanding group performance:

Steiner’s theory of group productivity (1972) og Hackman and Morris (1975)

Answer 5

group performance = group potential - process losses + process gains.

Question 6

Group losses

Answer 6

Cordination losses (brainstorm, psych. safety)

Motivation losses (social loafing, free riding, succker effect)

Question 7

Process gains

Answer 7

social compensation

Social competition

Kohler effect (social comparison, vill ikke sinke)

Question 8

Ofte antatt at grupper tar bedre avgjørelser enn enkeltindivider. Likevel komplekst og tidkrevende. Nevnt 2 fenomener som utfordrer gode avgjørselser i grupper

Answer 8

Group polarisation (social comparison, persuasive argumentation)

Groupthink

Question 9

3 (6) Kjennetegn ved ekte team

Answer 9

Shared objectives

Interdependence (autonomy, specific roles)

Reflexivity (boundiness)

Question 10

Teams in modern organisations come in many different shapes and forms. 3 characteristics/types of workteams

Answer 10

Task routineness (oppgave)

Temporal duration (varighet)

Physical proximity (nærhet)

Question 11

Theoretical understanding of team effectiveness

Answer 11

input-process-output (IPO)

input-mediator-output-input (IMOI)

Question 12

Inputs

Answer 12

INDIVIDUAL
-KSA
-personlighet/verdier
- mangfold)

ORGANIZATIONAL
- HR
- group reward
- information
- education
- task (interdependence
- size
-member stability
- ledelse
- nærhet

Question 13

Mediators

Answer 13

ACTION PHASE (kordinering explicit/implicit, hjelp, obs neglekt egenjobb,

TRANSITIO PHASE (between action phases. Reflexivity, shared objekctives, psyk safety)

RELATIONAL PHASE (konflikthondtering, emosjonsregulering, GAT-group-affective-tone)

EMERGENT STATES (TMM, erfaring, samhold, KSA, p safe, motivation, utfordring digital)

Question 14

Future challenges for teamwork

Answer 14

MULTI-TEAM-SYSTEM.
- Sett fra org. perfpektiv.
- Hvordan jobber mange små team sammen mot et felles mål?
- Viktig: tydelig mål + god ledelse

TEAM-WORKs EFFECT ON INDIVIDUALS
- burnout
- MMT multiple team membership (prioritering, prduktivitet, positivt eller negativt?

Question 15

Trekk og verdier som er sterkt relatert til god team-performance?

Answer 15

Agreebleness, openness

Kollektivistisk

Preferanse for team fremfor autonomt arbeid

Question 16

The bi-theoretical approach to team diversity

Answer 16

-information/decision-making perspective
- gender diversity in top management positive association with the financial performance (USA)

• social categorisation perspective
• categorisation-elaboration model (CEM)
• Diversity beliefs