9. c. Helicobacter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram stain of helicobacter pylori?

A

Curved gram negative bacillus

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2
Q

What are helicobacter’s virulence factors?

A

Urease
Shape and mucolytic enzymes
Receptor mediated adhesion to stomach epithelium

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3
Q

What is the benefit of urease?

A

Cleave urea to ammonia which neutralises stomach acid

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4
Q

What is the benefit of h. pylori’s shape and mucolytic enzymes?

A

Pass through muscous layer to adhere to gastric epithelium

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of h.pylori infection?

A

Chronic inflammation of underlying mucosa of stomach and duodenum
Causes ulceration > lymphocytic infiltration > MALTomas
Doesn’t invade

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6
Q

What are the clinical features of h.pylori?

A

Most asymptomatic
Acute gastritis (dyspepsia)
Chronic gastritis

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7
Q

What are consequences of chronic gastritis?

A

Gastric atrophy
-iron and B12 deficiency anaemia
-idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura
Gastric cancer

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8
Q

How is H. Pylori detected?

A

Faecal antigen testing
Endoscopic biopsy; rapid urease test
Urea breath test

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9
Q

What is the treatment for H. Pylori?

A

2 antibiotics and a PPI

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