4. Liver Disease and Cirrhosis Flashcards
What are the causes of macrovesicular steatosis?
Alcohol Metabolic syndrome Starvation Bariatric surgery Amiodarone
What does microvesicular steatosis show?
Metabolic upset in liver mitrochondria
What are the causes of microvesicular steatosis?
Pregnancy
Tetracycline toxicity
Acute liver failure
How is a diagnosis of steatosis made?
Ultrasound
Transaminases
Liver would be pale at autopsy
What is steatohepatitis?
Pattern of inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis in lobules near branch of hepatic vein
What is the primary inflammatory cell in steatohepatitis?
Neutrophils
What may be seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in alcoholic fatty liver?
Mallory’s hyaline
What ways does alcohol damage the liver?
MEOS pathway generates free radicals
Fat synthesis is stimulated and fat oxidation inhibited
Acetaldehyde is toxic
What are the symptoms and signs of alcoholic hepatitis?
Malaise, jaundice, low fever, hepatomegaly, high WCC
Features of decompensated liver disease
AST/ALT >2
What is haemochromatosis?
Excess iron deposits in tissue
Hereditary: defect in HFE gene > hepcidin deficiency
Secondary: iron overload eg. transfusions
What effect does haemochromatosis have on:
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Myocardium
- Pituitary
- Fibrosis and cirrhosis
- Secondary diabetes
‘bronze diabetes’ as iron also deposited in skin - Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Hypogonadism and impotence
What causes arthropathy in haemochromatosis?
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
Where is iron absorbed?
Small intestine
What molecule transports iron?
Transferrin
Where is iron stored?
Ferritin and haemosiderin