8. Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards
Which gram negative bacilli are lactose fermenters?
E coli
Klebsiella
What E.coli serotypes are associated with UTIs and what virulence factor do they share?
Types 1, 2, 4
Type 1 fimrbiae
What intra-abdominal infections can be caused by e.coli?
Cholecystitis
Appendicitis
Peritonitis
Sub-phrenic and liver abscesses
What antibiotics are used to treat e.coli cystitis?
Nitrofuratoin
Trimethoprim
What is the antibiotic treatment for klebsiella intra-abdominal infection?
Co-amoxiclav and gentamicin
What is the classic presentation of klebsiella pneumonia?
Red currant jelly and alcoholics
What is the appearance of proteus on agar?
Swarming
Fishy smell
What antibiotics are EBSL producers resistant to?
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Piptazo
What infections are caused by EBSL producers?
UTIs and intra-abdominal infections in nursing home residents
What antibiotic are CPEs resistant to?
Meropenem
Where is the K antigen found?
Capsule
Where is the O antigen found?
Cell wall (LPS)
Where is the H antigen found?
Flagella
Which strains of E.coli cause vertoxigenic e.coli gastroenteritis?
O157 or O26
How is E. coli gastroenteritis contracted?
Contamination of food and water through agriculture
Spread person-to-person
What is the management of E.coli gastroenteritis?
Notify public health
PCR of stool for verotoxin gene, can be confirmed with culture
Don’t give antibiotics
How does the verotoxin cause the symptoms associated with vertoxigenic E.coli?
Adheres to intestinal epithelium and causes haemorrhagic colitis
Results in bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain
What happens if you give antibiotics to someone with vertoxigenic e.coli?
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- haemolytic anaemia
- acute renal failure
- thrombocytopaenia
Where is pseudomonas typically found?
Sinks in hospitals
What virulence factors does pseudomonas have?
Biofilm
Pyocyanin impairs cilia
Oxidase positive
What patient group does pseudomonas cause BSIs in?
Burns patients
What infection does pseudomonas cause in haematology/oncology patients?
Neutropaenic sepsis
What other infections does pseudomonas cause?
NICU outbreaks VAP, bronchiectasis, CF UTI with catheters Eye infections Otitis externa (especially in diabetics)
What infections does burkholderia cepacia cause?
Fatal necrotising pneumonia in CF
BSI
What infections does burkholderia pseudomallei cause?
Melioidoses
-SE Asia and Australia
-Water is reservoir
Severe pneumonia and BSI
What patient group does stenotrophomas maltophilia infect?
Hospitalised and CF
Following broad spectrum antibiotics
What are the difficulties with acinetobacter baumannii?
Associated with hospital outbreaks
Multi-resistant
