Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIHEP > 6. Gastroenterology: a symptoms based approach > Flashcards

6. Gastroenterology: a symptoms based approach Flashcards

1
Q

What should be asked about abdominal pain when taking a history?

A 
Quality
Location
Radiation
Timing
Connection with eating
What aggravates and relieves
Associated symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define diarrhoea

A 
Increased frequency (>3) and liquidity of faeces
>250g of stool a day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between acute, persistent and chronic diarrhoea?

A

Acute <7 days
Persistent 14-21
Chronic >1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of small bowel diarrhoea?

A 
Watery
Large volume
Cramping, bloating
Gas
Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of large bowel diarrhoea?

A

Frequent
Small volume
Blood and mucous
Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the parameters for severe diarrhoea?

A 
>6 in 24 hours
Blood
Fever
Dehydration
Severe abdominal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is tenesmus?

A

feeling that the bowel is full even after a bowel movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What effects can chemo and radiotherapy have on the GIT?

A

Colitis and enteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fever associated with?

A

infection

inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is weight loss associated with?

A

Malignancy
Coeliac disease
Crohn’s disease
Pancreatic insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What symptoms are associated with IBD?

A

Uveitis
Joint pains
Mouth ulcers
Erythema nodosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effects does smoking have on the GIT?

A

Worsens Crohn’s, malignancy

Protective to ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does alcohol have on the GIT?

A

Chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are NSAIDs associated with?

A

Colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are proton pumps associated with?

A

c. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should be looked for on examination if a patient presents with diarrhoea?

A

Dehydration and malnourishment
Mouth ulcers
Rashes
Hepatomegaly, arthritis, anorectal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define constipation

A

<3 bowel movements per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the causes of constipation?

A 
Lack of fibre, dehydration or exercise
Medications
Life or routine changes
Psychological
Neurological and metabolic
Diverticulosis, coeliac disease, GI tumours, IBS
Hypothyroidism, hypercalcaemia
19
Q

What complications are associated with constipation?

A

Haemorrhoids
Anal fissures
Rectal prolapse
Fecal impaction

20
Q

What treatments can be used for constipation?

A 
Bulk forming agents
Osmotic laxatives
Stimulant/irritant laxatives
Stool softeners
Cholinergic agonists
21
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

Painful swallowing

22
Q

What is globus sensation?

A

Throat tightness

23
Q

What are the mechanical causes of dysphagaia?

A

Oesophageal cancer
Peptic stricture
Achalasia
Oesophagitis

24
Q

What are the neuromuscular causes of dysphagia?

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

CNS causes

25
Q

Causes of clubbing

A

IBD
Cirrhosis
Coeliac disease

26
Q

What causes leuconychia?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

27
Q

What causes koilonychia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

28
Q

What causes palmar erythema?

A

Cirrhosis

29
Q

What causes palmar crease pallor and conjunctival pallor?

A

Anaemia

30
Q

What causes Dupytren’s contracture?

A

Excess alcohol

31
Q

What causes hepatic flap?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Uraemia

32
Q

What causes scleral icterus?

A

Liver disease

33
Q

What causes xanthelasma?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

34
Q

What causes angular stomatitis and tongue glossitis?

A

Iron/B12 deficiency

Glossitis also folate deficiency

35
Q

What diseases are associated with mouth ulcers?

A

Crohn’s

Coeliac disease

36
Q

What is candidiasis a sign of?

A

Immunodeficiency

37
Q

What are spider naevi and gynaecomastia a sign of?

A

Chronic liver disease

38
Q

What are the infective causes of hepatomegaly?

A

Hepatitis
EBV
Malaria
Hepatic abscess

39
Q

What are the infiltrative causes of hepatomegaly?

A 
Haemochromatosis
Wilson's
Sarcoid
Amyloid
Fatty liver
40
Q

What are the blood related causes of hepatomegaly?

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Myeloproliferative disorders
Haemolytic anaemia

41
Q

What are the congestive causes of hepatomegaly?

A

Right heart failure
Tricuspid regurgitation
Budd Chiari syndrome

42
Q

What are the causes of splenomegaly?

A

Malaria
CML
Myelofibrosis
Feltys syndrome

43
Q

What is Feltys syndrome?

A

RA
Neutropaenia
Splenomegaly

GIHEP (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions