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GIHEP > 5. Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

5. Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How is hepatitis A contracted?

A

Faecal-oral spread

Contaminated food and water

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2
Q

How long is the incubation for hepatitis A?

A

30 days

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for contracting hepatitis A?

A

Travel to endemic countries
Household and sexual contacts (especially MSM)
Food outbreaks

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4
Q

How is hepatitis E contracted?

A

Undercooked pig and game
Processed pork, shellfish
Handling animals
Contaminated water

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5
Q

What are the genotypes of hepatitis E?

A

1 and 2 in humans

3 and 4 in pigs, but spread to humans

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6
Q

How long is the incubation period for hepatitis E?

A

40 days

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7
Q

How are hepatitis B and C contracted?

A

Perinatally
Sexually
Parenterally

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for hepatitis B?

A 
IVDU
Haemodialysis
Sharing toothbrushes and razors
Needlestick injuries
Tattoos and piercings
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9
Q

Which of the hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus?

A

Hep B

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10
Q

What is the infectious part of the hep B virus known as?

A

Dane particle

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for hep B?

A

1-6 months

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12
Q

How long is the incubation period for hep C?

A

2 months

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13
Q

Who is more likely to be asymptomatic in hepatitis A and B?

A

Younger, more symptomatic in adults

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14
Q

What prodrome is associated with hepatitis A?

A

Fever
Appetite loss and nausea
Fatigue
RUQ pain

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A acute infection?

A

Dark urine
Pale stools
Jaundice

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of acute hepatitis E infection?

A

90% are asymptomatic

Genotype 1 can be fatal in pregnancy

17
Q

What patient group are more likely to have chronic hepatitis E?

A

Immunosuppressed

18
Q

What are risk factors for mortality in hepatitis E?

A

Liver transplant

Genotype 3

19
Q

What are the outcomes of acute hepatitis B infection?

A

Resolution
Liver failure
Chronic infection (especially in infant infections)

20
Q

How is chronic hepatitis B defined?

A

HBsAg present for over 6 months

21
Q

What complications are associated with chronic hepatitis B?

A

Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular cancer
Reactivation in immunosuppression

22
Q

What patient group gets hepatitis D?

A

Only those with hepatitis B

more severe acute disease and higher risk of cirrhosis

23
Q

In hepatitis C, what factors increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Alcohol, hep B, HIV

24
Q

What extrahepatic complications are associated with hep C?

A 
Mixed cryoglobulinaemia
Diabetes
Thyroiditis
Rheumatological eg. PAN
Dermatological
25
Q

How is acute hep A infection diagnosed?

A

anti Hep A IgM

RNA in stool and serum

26
Q

How is hep A vaccination seen on serology?

A

anti Hep A IgG

27
Q

What will be present on serology if a person has a current hep B infection?

A

HBsAg

28
Q

What will be present on serology is a person has infectious hep B?

A

HBeAg

HBV DNA

29
Q

What will be present on serology if a person is vaccinated against hep B?

A

Anti-HBs

30
Q

How is hep A infection prevented?

A

Hygiene

Vaccine for travellers and close contacts

31
Q

What type of vaccine is the hep A vaccine?

A

Inactivated

32
Q

What is the treatment of hep E?

A 
Acute= symptomatic
Chronic= reduce immunosuppression and antivirals
33
Q

What is the treatment for chronic hep B?

A

Antivirals
Monitor for liver cancer
Transplant
Education and vaccination

34
Q

What markers are used to see if antiviral therapy is effective in chronic hep B?

A

Hep B DNA is below detectable levels

e antigen seroconverted to e antibody

35
Q

What methods are used to monitor for liver cancer?

A

ultrasound

AFP

36
Q

What type of vaccine is the hep B vaccine?

A

Cloned surface antigen: HBsAg

37
Q

What is the goal of chronic hep C treatment?

A

Sustained virological response: no RNA detected at end of treatment or 12 weeks post treatment

38
Q

What does chronic hep C treatment depend on?

A

Genotype and co-infection

39
Q

What is the treatment for hep C?

A

Direct acting antivirals and interferon

GIHEP (30 decks)

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