22. GI Viruses Flashcards
How many types of poliovirus are there?
3
Which type of poliovirus is most likely to cause paralysis?
1
Why is poliovirus considered a candidate for complete eradication?
Humans are the only host and it is vaccine preventable
How long is the incubation of poliovirus?
1 week
What are the 3 forms of presentation of poliovirus?
90% asymptomatic but infectious
8% have an influenza-like syndrome for a week
2% develop a biphasic illness
What are the features of the biphasic illness caused by poliovirus?
Fever and GIT symptoms for 2-3 days,
Followed by aseptic meningitis and paralytic poliomyelitis
How is poliovirus detected in the lab?
Virus culture of throat and faeces
If meningitis: PCR of CSF
What is the treatment of poliovirus?
Supportive: mechanical ventilation
If bulbar involvement then monitor BP and circulation
What polio vaccines are available?
Live attenuated oral
Inactivated
Name 3 non-polio picornaviruses
Coxsackie
ECHO
Enterovirus D68
What are the routes of transmission of coxsackie virus?
Faecal oral
Inhalation
Contact with vesicles
What symptoms are caused by Coxsackie A virus?
Fever, common cold and rash
Herpangina
Hand, foot and mouth disease
What is herpangina?
Vesicular ulcerated lesions around soft palate
What symptoms are caused by Coxsackie B virus?
Fever, rash Meningitis Epidemic myalgia Bronchitis and pneumonia in children Myocarditis and pericarditis
What symptoms can be caused by ECHO virus?
Asymptomatic or fever, sore throat and rubella-like rash Meningitis Diarrhoea Pericarditis, myocarditis
What symptoms are caused by enterovirus D68?
Acute flaccid paralysis
Severe resp illness
What illness does rotavirus cause?
Acute diarrhoea in infants and young children
Associated with creches
Low infecting dose
What are the clinical features of rotavirus?
5 days hyperosmotic diarrhoea
Circulatory collapse and death in those with underlying condition
Post infectious lactose intolerance can develop
How is rotavirus prevented against?
Oral vaccine at 2 and 4 months
What food is norovirus associated with?
Shellfish
What are the clinical features of norovirus?
Diarrhoea, projectile vomiting
Abdominal cramps, malaise, myalgia, headache
What are the routes of transmission of adenovirus?
Faecal oral
Resp
Direct innoculation
What infections are caused by adenovirus?
Infantile diarrhoea (up to 2 weeks)
Resp infection
Meningitis
Conjunctivitis
