9 April wk5-F

Question 1

Theophylline
MOA
Effects
Uses
Cautions

Answer 1

CNS stimulant, decreases fatigue, elevates mood
Blocks adenosine receptors, phosphodiesterase inhibitor–increases cAMP having an epinephrine-like effect (+inotropic and chronotropic, bronchodilation)
Bronchodilation, relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, kidney diuretic
Use: asthma, COPD
Caution: low therapeutic index, cardiac tachyarrhythmias, seizures, drug interactions with erythromycin, phenytoin, cimetidine

Question 2

What is an add-on therapy that can be used for moderate to severe asthma that is persistent and not very responsive to traditional treatments?

Answer 2

Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibody against IgE prevents it from having its effect on mast cells and basophils
Can also be used for food allergy
Given as injection every 2-4 weeks
Can itself cause an allergic reaction

Question 3

Anti TNF-alpha agents

Answer 3

Infliximab
Etanercept
Golimumab

Question 4

How does PCOS present and how is it diagnosed and treated?

Answer 4

PCOS causes elevated androgens causing oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, and acne
Diagnosed by pelvic ultrasound and serum androgen levels
Oral contraceptives restores menses and alleviates acne

Question 5

How is severe scarring acne treated and what precautions are necessary?

Answer 5

Isotretinoin is often given
A synthetic retinoid that has similar effects to Vit. A though it is not stored in the liver and toxicity is not a problem
Teratogenic, therefore, female patient must use 2 forms of birth control and take monthly pregnancy tests

Question 6

Normal lab values for BUN and Creatinine

Answer 6

BUN: 7-18
Creatinine: 0.6-1.2