9 Flashcards by Erin Prentice

what does naltrexone do

opiod antagonist-prevents euphoria in former addicts to prevent relapse

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what is the treatment for opiod detoxification

a2 adrenergic agonists eg LOFEXIDINE

or can use opiod subsititue therapies-OST eg methadone or Buprenorphine

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what is buprenorphine

synthetic partial agonist at u-opiod receptors

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what does HCS do

produced form week 5 of pregnancy
GH like effects
decrease insulin sensitivity in mother-more glucose for fetus
involved in breast development

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what are the side effects of carbamazepine

SIADH, leucopenia, ataxia, blurred vision, drowsiness, diplopia and can cause agranulocytosis

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what are the side effects of carbamazepine in pregnancy

Neural tube defects, facial dysmorphism, cardiac anomalies, fingernail hypoplasia, VIT K DEFICIENCY

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what is Uhthoff’s phenomenon

worsening of vision following increase in body temperature in MS

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what is Lhermitte’s phenomene

paraesthesia in limbs on neck flexion

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if get nausea with parkinsons medication what should you use to treat

DOMPERIDONE

nb metoclopramide can worsen PD, cyclizine and prochlo

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what is mefenamic acid

NSAID-avoid in pregnanacy

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in antipsychotics why do you get sedation

secondary to the blockage of histamine

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what are accelerations in CTG

abrupt increase in BHR for >15bpm for >15s

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how can you treat hypersalivation caused by clozapine

HYOSCINE

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what is treatment for mastitis

flucloxacillin

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what is breast thrush treatment

miconazole

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if long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate what vitamin supplementation is needed

vitamin D

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can you breast feed if on AEDs

yes and should be encouraged to help with withdrawl if they were continued in pregnancy

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why do you need to stay in hospital for 24 hours if history of epilepsy

greatest risk of seizures in first 24 hours

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diagnosis of gestational diabetes

fasting >5.6mmol 2hr random or after 75g oral glucose tolerance test >7.8

can you use NSAIDs in pregnancy

no they should be avoided as thought to be a link with miscarriage, paracetamol should be used instead

what is Charcot Marie-Tooth syndrome

type of hereditary sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy
no UMN signs
can present with LMN in all limbs and decrease sensation
high stepping gait, wasting of lower legs and high arches

which TCA antidepressants are most dangerous in overdose

amitryptylline and dosulepin

most sedative TCas

amitrypylline, clomipramine and dosulepin

what is the denticulate made of

arachnoid and pia tissue

what are the types of longitudinal artery

1 anterior and 2 posterior

what is todds paralysis

prolonged weakness after a seizure

what is a conus lesion

presents as cauda equine-do MRI

what is lateral medullary syndrome

stoke in posterior inferior cerebellar artery

what is another name for lateral medullary syndrome

Wallenbergs syndrome

what does lateral medullary stroke cause

ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, CN palsy eg horners contralateral limb sensory loss

what are the 4 types of MS

relapsing remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, progressive relapsing

what is a weber stroke

ipsilateral III palsy | contralateral weakness

what is great anterior segmental artery also known as

ADAMKIEWICZ | this reinforces circulation to inferior 2/3 of spinal cord found on LEFT in many individuals

what does tectospinal tract do

input mostly to cervical segments | thought to mediate reflex head and neck movments due to visual stimuli

what does reticulospinal tract do

reticular formation forms central core of brainstem many nuclei and receives input from virtually all parts of CNS influences voluntary movement

what are the risk factors for endometrial cancer

early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, obesity, tamoxifen, PCOS, unopposed oestrogen, diabetes mellitus

the COCP has protective effects to which cancers

endometrial and ovarian

COCP increases risk of

breast and cervical cancer

what investigation is to be done if there is suspicion of ovarian cancer

blood test for CA125 and If this is above 25 urgent ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis

treatment for endometrial cancer

for localised disease-total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy patients with high risk disease may also have post operative radio progestogen therapy sometime used in frail elderly women who are not suitable for surgery

whats the first line investigation for ?endometrial cancer

transvaginal ultrasound <4mm is a good negative prognostic indicator but if >4mm then do hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy

how does lactation prevent against pregnancy

sucking reduces release of gonadotrophins which suppress ovulation and as sucking reduces ovulation returns

how effective is lactational amenorrhoea

if all 3 criteria fulfilled 98%

what are criteria for lactational amenorrhoea

less than 6 months postpartum amenorrhoeic-no vaginal bleeding after 56 days postpartum fully breast feeding day-at least 4 hrly and 6 hrly night feeds

what is decorticate posturing

``` damage to one or both of the corticospinal tracts plantar flexion extension knees internally rotated legs flexion elbow, adduction shoulder ```

what is decerebrate posturing

damage to the upper brainstem-midbrain/pons arms adducted and extended wrists pronated and fingers flexed legs stiffly extended with plantar flexion of feet

side effects for carbamazepine

SIADH, leucopenia, ataxia, blurred vision, drowsiness, diplopia agranulocytosis