14 Flashcards
tear drop poikolytes
myelofibrosis
1st line for neutropenic sepsis
piperacillin with tazobactam
which SSRI do you use post MI
Sertraline-also give PPI for gastric protection as likely to be on aspirin and that with SSRI can cause bleeding
what is risk of SSRI in first trimester
small risk of congenital heart defects
risk of SSRI in third trimester
persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
which SSRI can be used in adolescents
fluoxetine
when is progesterone level measured
7 days before end of cycle
how does methyldopa work
centrally acting alpha agonist
how does labetalol work
B and a antagonist
how does nifedipine work
Ca channel antagonist
hydralazine
vasodilator
what class of drug is lidocaine and how does it work
Na channel antagonist so it causes inhibition
what are ionotropic and metabotrophic glutamate receptors important in discriminating between
ON and OFF retinal pathways
what do metabotrophic GABA tend to do
modulate synaptic actions because their slow action is insufficient to trigger an action potential
how do metabotrophic GABA modulate
presynaptically modulate transmitter release
transmitter gated channels to regulate size of post synaptic potential
resting and voltage gated ion channels in neuronal soma to alter eg resting Em and AP firing pattern
what does cholinergic transmission in autonomic ganglia display
both direct and indirect transmitter actions
what is fast EPSP cholinergic
due to activation of nicotinic (ionotrophic) Ach receptors, channels conduct na and k
what is slow EPSP cholinergic
activation of muscarinic (G protein coupled) Ach receptors, Ach closes K+ channel (M type)
what is a graded potential
a change in the rmp caused by an EPSP or IPSP but the magnitude of neurotransmitter release is not of a magnitude large enough to cross threshold and result in an AP
what does an interneurone do and release
locally acting, typically releases GABA and so brings about an IPSP and inhibition, function is local processing of information
what does a projection neuron do
neuron responsible for conveying signals to other parts of the brain, typically releases glutamate and so brings about an EPSP
what is the basis of vision
the dark current
what is the dark current
in dark the Vm is between the Ena and EK
in response to light PNa is decreases outer channels close), PK>Pna therefore hyperpolarises
what happens in light in terms of retinol
11-cis retinal is converted to all trans-retinal