6

Question 1

describe the pharmacological treatment of urge incontinence

Answer 1

1st line=anticholinergics eg oxybutynin and darifenacin

2nd line=B 3 agonists eg mirabegron

Question 2

describe pharmacological options for overflow incontinence

Answer 2

STOP ANTICHOLINERGICS

Question 3

describe pharmacological option for stress incontinence

Answer 3

SNRI eg duloxetine

Question 4

how does duloxetine work

Answer 4

increases muscle tone in urethra

Question 5

how does oxybutynin and darifenacin work

Answer 5

inhibit involuntary contractions and increase voiding intervals

Question 6

what letter is used for whey dominant milk

Answer 6

I

Question 7

what is bilirubin bound to when it is conjugated

Answer 7

bound to serum albumin and transferred to the liver where it is conjugated to glucaronate conjugated (direct) bilirubin and excreted into bile

Question 8

what is the round ligament

Answer 8

remnant of gubernaculum extending for uterine horns to labia majora via inguinal canal

Question 9

what is the function of the round ligament

Answer 9

to maintain anteverted position of the uterus

Question 10

where are level I axillary lymph nodes

Answer 10

inferior and lateral to pec minor

Question 11

where are level II axillary lymph nodes

Answer 11

deep to pec minor

Question 12

where are level III axillary lymph nodes

Answer 12

superior and medial to pec minor

Question 13

why can pernicious anaemia appear mildly jaundice

Answer 13

intramedullary haemolysis

Question 14

where is the retromammary space

Answer 14

between fascia and breast

Question 15

in excitotoxicity what does neuronal depolarization do

Answer 15

release glutamate

Question 16

in excitotoxicity astrocyte reuptake inhibition causes what

Answer 16

failure of glutamate reuptake

Question 17

when do you get ionic oedema

Answer 17

in SIADH and hyponatraemia

Question 18

what makes up the striatum

Answer 18

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 19

what makes up the corpus striatus

Answer 19

caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 20

what makes up the lentiform nucleus

Answer 20

globus pallidus and putamen

Question 21

what is the pattern of loss in brown sequard syndrome

Answer 21

ipsilateral motor and dorsal column sensory

contralateral spinothalamic sensory level

Question 22

what drug do you use for prophylaxis of cluster headaches

Answer 22

verapamil

Question 23

what is first line drug for trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 23

carbamazepine

Question 24

where does CO2 bind to in the haemoglobin

Answer 24

the globin portion

Question 25

describe schizoid personality disorder

Answer 25

withdrawal from affectional, social and other contacts | this person is isolated and has a limited capacity to experience pleasure and express feelings

Question 26

describe histrionic

Answer 26

shallow and labile affectivity and theatricality. there is a lack of consideration for others and tendency for egocentricity often crave excitement and attention

Question 27

anakastic

Answer 27

doubt perfectionism and excessive conscientiousness compulsion to check and preoccupation with details stubborn, cautious and rigid inconsistent and unwelcome thoughts may intrude or impulses that don't attain severity of OCD

Question 28

what is Othello syndrome

Answer 28

pathological jealously

Question 29

what personalities make up cluster C

Answer 29

anakastic, anxious and dependent

Question 30

what personalities make up cluster B

Answer 30

dissocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissitic

Question 31

what makes up a narcisstic personality

Answer 31

grandiose, self-importance, exaggerated achievements and abilities, exploits others, arrogant

Question 32

pattern of personality disorder is manifested in 2 or more of

Answer 32

cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control

Question 33

what is the most prevalent PD

Answer 33

anakastic

Question 34

describe avoidant PD

Answer 34

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequency and hypersensitive to negative evaluation

Question 35

how would people with avoidant PD react

Answer 35

avoid occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of criticism, disapproval, rejection unwilling to get involved unless certain of being liked preoccupation with being criticized or rejected unusually reluctant to take personal risks/engage in new actiivites

Question 36

what are the 2 factors of psychopathy

Answer 36

interpersonal/affective and social deviance

Question 37

what is only drug thought to benefit borderline PD

Answer 37

olanzapine

Question 38

what AB are used in pregnancy for UTI

Answer 38

1st/2nd trimester nitrofurantoin | 3rd trimester=trimethoprim

Question 39

how are breast abscesses treated

Answer 39

send pus for culture, flucloxacillin 1g QDS for 7-10 days

Question 40

what is webers syndrome

Answer 40

ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia

Question 41

where does the stroke in webers syndrome happen

Answer 41

in the midbrain

Question 42

what is a hydrocele

Answer 42

excess fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 43

the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of what artery

Answer 43

external iliac artery

Question 44

when can the uterine fundus start to be palpated

Answer 44

above the pubic symphysis from 12 weeks gestation

Question 45

by 20 weeks the fundus of the uterus has reached

Answer 45

the umbilicus

Question 46

by 36 weeks the fundus of uterus has reached

Answer 46

xiphisternum

Question 47

when can they syphysiofundal height be measured from

Answer 47

20 weeks

Question 48

MCA stroke features

Answer 48

contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss and weakness of face and upper limb

Question 49

ACA stroke features

Answer 49

contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss LOWER

Question 50

what is MS associated with

Answer 50

transverse myelitis