8TH PRETEST Flashcards
In order to ensure stable sections in the electron beam, tissue for electron microscopy is embedded in: *
a) high density paraffin
b) polyethylene glycol
c) epoxy resin
d) methyl methacrylate
c) epoxy resin
All of the following are suitable fixatives for electron microscopy except: *
a) Zamboni solution
b) 1 to 4 % glutaraldehyde
c) Carson-Millonig buffered formalin
d) Bouin solution
d) Bouin solution
If glutaraldehyde is the primary fixative for electron microscopy, the secondary fixative is usually: *
a) alcohol
b) uranyl acetate
c) osmium tetroxide
d) formalin
c) osmium tetroxide
Fixatives that tend to mask antigenic sites and hamper immunohistochemical localization of antigens contain: *
a) mercury
b) phosphates
c) aldehydes
d) alcohol
c) aldehydes
Necrosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and autolysis from delay in analysis and sample preparation can all lead to: *
a) DNA degradation
b) low peak CVs
c) decreased debris modeling
d) increased cell numbers
a) DNA degradation
Commercial monoclonal antibodies are produced by all of the following except: *
a) several types of cells in the patient’s body
b) a single plasma cell and its clones
C) mice in a lab
d) cell cultures
a) several types of cells in the patient’s body
The size of a tissue sample is important for immunohistochemistry because: *
a) smaller samples are easier to section
b) the fixative must penetrate the entire sample
c) larger samples are easier to handle
d) larger samples will stay on the slide better
b) the fixative must penetrate the entire sample
A molecule which stimulates an immune response is called a(n): *
a) immunogen
b) antigen
c) epitope
d) determinant
a) immunogen
Cytology specimens can be GYN specimens or non-GYN specimens. Which of the following groups include only non-GYN specimens: *
a. ductal lavage, maturation index, urine cytology
b. all FNAs, urines, body fluids, breast specimens
c. body cavity fluids, urines, endocervical brushing
d. CSF, urine, hormonal evaluation specimens
b. all FNAs, urines, body fluids, breast specimens
For submission to the laboratory, bronchial washings, pelvic washings and cerebral spinal fluids should: *
a. have 10% neutral buffered forrnalin added
b. have 95% alcohol added
c. be placed in Saccommono’s fixative
d. be fresh and unfixed
d. be fresh and unfixed
Optimally, sputum samples should be submitted fresh to the laboratory. If the specimens cannot be delivered for 12 hours or longer, it is recommended that samples be: *
a. refrigerated or placed in fixative
b. protected from light
c. mixed with Carnoy’s solution
d. left unfixed at room temperature
a. refrigerated or placed in fixative
When processing a specimen, the care with which it is handled should be based on the: *
a. type of specimen
b. gross appearance
c. patient history
d. universal precautions
d. universal precautions
The type of fixative used for cytology will influence the: *
a. specimen processing time
b. penetration rate of dyes
c. type of clearing reagent used
d. type of mounting media used
b. penetration rate of dyes
Acceptable fixatives for Papanicolaou stained cytology specimens do NOT include: *
a. 95% alcohol
b. 100% methanol
c. Bouin’s fixative
d. CytoLytB
c. Bouin’s fixative
The use of hairspray for fixation on cytology specimens is NOT recommended because: *
a. cost and volume needed per slide
b. incompatibility with staining reagents
c. inhalation of hairspray particles creates a health hazard
d. ingredients can hinder proper fixation of cells
d. ingredients can hinder proper fixation of cells
Air drying of a GYN smear specimen for Papanicolaou stain results in: *
a. enlargement of the entire cell
b. improved cellular detail
c. unchanged cell morphology
d. shrinkage of the cell cytoplasm
a. enlargement of the entire cell
For the Papanicolaou staining procedure, cells that have been air dried prior to fixation: *
a. can float off the glass slide
b. have minimal distortion after staining
c. lose their affinity for stains
d. retain their normal size and morphology
c. lose their affinity for stains
Air dried specimens are most often used for: *
a. all urine cytology specimens
b. breast discharge specimens
c. fine needle aspiration biopsies and CSF specimens
d. pleural and abdominal fluids
c. fine needle aspiration biopsies and CSF specimens
To assure proper staining of cytology smears fixed in 95% alcohol: *
a. dehydrate the slide before nuclear staining
b. hydrate the slide before nuclear staining
c. initially stain in alcoholic dyes
d. stain in OG-6 to remove any residual water
b. hydrate the slide before nuclear staining
The regressive staining method: *
a. eliminates the “clearing” step at end of the procedure
b. is harder to control than the progressive staining method
c. is used to stain specific cellular morphology
d. should be used on air-dried specimens
b. is harder to control than the progressive staining method
The xylene step in the Papanicolaou procedure: *
a. blues the cell nuclei of the specimen
b. functions as a buffer after the stains
c. prevents cellular distortion
d. removes alcohol and clears the specimen
d. removes alcohol and clears the specimen
Differentiation in cytologic staining is: *
a. clear separation of different inflammatory elements
b. distinction of Trichomonads and yeast in the GYN preparations
c. distinguishing epithelial cells from red blood cells
d. distinguishing mature cells from immature cells by staining color
d. distinguishing mature cells from immature cells by staining color
The sequence of steps in the Papanicolaou stain procedure are: *
a. clearing, nuclear staining, dehydration and cytoplasmic staining
b. fixation, dehydration, nuclear staining, hydration, cytoplasmic staining and clearing
c. fixation, hydration, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining and clearing
d. hydration, nuclear staining, dehydration, cytoplasmic staining and clearing
d. hydration, nuclear staining, dehydration, cytoplasmic staining and clearing
Which stains in the correct order are used in the Papanicolaou procedure? *
a. methylene blue, EA, OG
b. EA, hematoxylin, OG
c. hematoxylin, OG, EA
d. hematoxylin, EA, OG
c. hematoxylin, OG, EA
The Saccomanno preparation method is used for: *
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a. abdominal of pleural fluids
b. bladder washings or urine collected by catheter
c, cerebral spinal fluid specimens
d. mucoid specimens (sputum)
d. mucoid specimens (sputum)
