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Earth and Space 101 > 8th Grade Science Test 3 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the largest group of minerals, which compose over 90% of the earth’s crust

A

silicates

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2
Q

the layer of solid rock below the soil

A

bedrock

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3
Q

the rarest, most durable, and most beautiful minerals

A

precious stones

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4
Q

substances that are found naturally in the earth and have a crystalline structure

A

minerals

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5
Q

a theory that has never been proven false

A

law

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6
Q

chemical sediments that result from the evaporation of water

A

evaporites

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7
Q

a well-known chemical sedimentary rock

A

limestone

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8
Q

a soil substance composed of decayed organisms’ particles

A

humus

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9
Q

the most famous measure of earthquake strength, which rates earthquakes on a scale of 1 to 10

A

Richer magnitude scale

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10
Q

rocks that have a smooth,glasslike texture

A

amorphous

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11
Q

earthquake zone that includes the San Andreas Fault

A

circum-Pacific belt

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12
Q

the metal that is more valuable than gold or silver

A

platinum

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13
Q

hard, round structures that form when minerals settle out of water and crystallize around a sand grain or other mineral fragment

A

concretions

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14
Q

the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

A

weight

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15
Q

the group on which a test is performed

A

experimental group

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16
Q

a volcano that will probably not erupt again

A

extinct

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17
Q

beryl that has a deep green color

A

emerald

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18
Q

the third step in the scientific method

A

formulate a hypothesis

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19
Q

the inner core of the earth is thought to be

A

solid

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20
Q

a metal mixture of iron and carbon

A

steel

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21
Q

brass is an alloy of

A

copper and zinc

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22
Q

mining that uses a rotating drum that travels down a long track while grinding coal

A

longwall mining

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23
Q

crystals are generally characterized by many flat surfaces called

A

faces

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24
Q

the most basic unit of matter

A

atoma

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25
Q

about 80% of the world’s earthquakes occur in

A

the circum-Pacific belt

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26
Q

the breakdown of organisms is known

A

decomposition

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27
Q

any piece of solid volcanic ejecta

A

pyroclast

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28
Q

type of rock formed when magma solidifies

A

igneous rock

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29
Q

type of rock formed when deposits of sand and mineral fragments are cemented together

A

sedimentary rock

30
Q

type of rock formed when preexisting rocks are altered by heat or pressure

A

metamorphic rock

31
Q

any mineral that contains a valuable metallic element

A

ore

32
Q

the branch of geology that deals with the identification and classification of minerals

A

mineralogy

33
Q

the bending or buckling of rocks under great force produces

A

a fold

34
Q

aluminum is refined from the common mineral

A

bauxite

35
Q

the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust

A

aluminum

36
Q

the type of soil that contains a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and humus

A

loam

37
Q

the change of one type of rock into a new type of rock

A

metamorphism

38
Q

the number that compares an object’s density to the density of water

A

specific gravity

39
Q

the study of soil

A

pedology

40
Q

the hardest naturally occurring known substance

A

diamond

41
Q

a mineral that remains glowing after being exposed to ultraviolet light and then placed in the dark exhibits

A

phosphorescence

42
Q

the most common element in the earth’s crust

A

oxygen

43
Q

a “self pumping” well

A

artesian well

44
Q

a substance with a pH of 10

A

basic

45
Q

the most common of all igneous rocks

A

basalt

46
Q

igneous rock with a smooth, glasslike texture; known as “volcanic glass”

A

obsidian

47
Q

the most common sedimentary rock

A

shale

48
Q

rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay

A

conglomerate rock

49
Q

an organic sedimentary rock that is also called a fossil fuel

A

coal

50
Q

term that refers to the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral crystal

A

luster

51
Q

What do mineralogists call an element that occurs naturally in its pure form, uncombined with other elements?

A

native element

52
Q

What is a single layer of sedimentary rock called?

A

stratum

53
Q

What nutrient makes a plant’s fruits “firm up” properly?

A

phosphorus

54
Q

What is another name for a bar of refined gold?

A

bullion

55
Q

What is an alloy of iron, carbon, and nickel or chromium?

A

stainless steel

56
Q

What are geometric structures composed of atoms or molecules in an orderly arrangement?

A

crystals

57
Q

name the arrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles the Pacific basin.

A

Ring of Fire

58
Q

What type of lava has a smooth texture with a “ropy” appearance?

A

pahoehoe

59
Q

What mineral test leaves a line of powder on a plate?

A

streak test

60
Q

What are the upper layers of the ground stripped away by surface mining called?

A

overburden

61
Q

What is the name for a substance that is composed of only one type of atom?

A

element

62
Q

earthquake wave that vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave travel

A

S waves

63
Q

point at which an earthquake begins

A

focus

64
Q

weak earthquake

A

tremor

65
Q

fastest earthquake waves

A

P waves

66
Q

term for small earthquakes that follow an earthquake for days or even months

A

aftershock

67
Q

rocks on either side of a fault spring back to a position of little or no strain

A

elastic rebound

68
Q

giant sea waves

A

tsunamis

69
Q

instrument that records and studies the vibrations from an earthquake

A

seismograph

70
Q

point on earth’s surface directly above where an earthquake began

A

epicenter

Earth and Space 101 (12 decks)

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