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Earth and Space 101 > 8th Grade Science Test 10 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mars’s two moons

A

Deimos and Phobos

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2
Q

the largest moon in the solar system

A

Ganymede

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3
Q

A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a two-dimensional graph that compares stars by two things

A

temperature and brightness

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4
Q

the summer Triangle is formed of three stars

A

Deneb
Vega
Altair

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5
Q

During what phase of the moon is the entire sunlit side visible

A

full moon

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6
Q

the orbits of the planets are symmetrical ovals called

A

ellipses

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7
Q

Frozen chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun

A

comets

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8
Q

the explosion of a star

A

supernova

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9
Q

the convection cells that cover the sun’s visible surface

A

granules

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10
Q

the flamelike columns of gas that continually erupt from the lowest layer of the sun’s atmosphere

A

spicules

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11
Q

the visible portion of the sun

A

photosphere

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12
Q

galaxy shape of the Milky Way

A

barred spiral

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13
Q

unit of measurement is approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth

A

astronomical unit

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14
Q

Be able to identify the following constellations:

A 
Cassiopeia
Taurus
Ursa Major
Orion
Cygnus
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15
Q

describes Venus’s backward rotation on its axis

A

retrograde

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16
Q

name for the period of time that the moon takes to orbit the earth

A

lunar month

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17
Q

imaginary sphere with Earth at the center and the heavenly bodies on its inner surface

A

celestial sphere

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18
Q

imaginary “band” in the sky in which the sun, moon, and planets travel

A

zodiac

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19
Q

the two planets between which the asteroid belt is located

A

Mars

Jupiter

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20
Q

an object that orbits another object

A

satellite

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21
Q

describes a star that is always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location

A

circumpolar

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22
Q

group of small, icy objects that orbit the sun outside the orbit of the outermost planet

A

Kuiper belt

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23
Q

the observed brightness that a star would have to an observer located 10 parsecs away

A

absolute magnitude

24
Q

the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the center of a comet

A

coma

25
Q

who developed the law of universal gravitation

A

Isaac Newton

26
Q

a rapidly rotating star that emits directional beams of radio waves

A

pulsar

27
Q

Latin word used to refer to the lunar “seas”

A

mare

28
Q

scientific law that states the relationship between a planet’s period and average distance from the sun

A

third law of planetary motion

29
Q

the apparent change in the position of an object caused by an actual change in the position of the observer

A

parallax

30
Q

the largest galaxy in the Local Group

A

Andromeda galaxy

31
Q

category of stars that includes the sun

A

main sequence

32
Q

which planet do the Trojan asteroids share an orbit with

A

Jupiter

33
Q

an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity

A

black hole

34
Q

the largest planet in our solar system

A

Jupiter

35
Q

known for its ring system

A

Saturn

36
Q

the outermost planet in our solar system

A

Neptune

37
Q

the fastest-moving planet

A

Mercury

38
Q

sometimes called the “morning star” and “evening star”

A

Venus

39
Q

gas giant that seems to lie on its side

A

Uranus

40
Q

notable feature is Olympus Mons

A

Mars

41
Q

a planet’s closest approach to the sun

A

perihelion

42
Q

the idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun, planets, and stars all revolve around the earth is the

A

geocentric view

43
Q

a small rock from space that is burning up as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere

A

meteor

44
Q

a large cloud of gas an dust in space

A

nebula

45
Q

the phenomenon in which the moon passes between the sun and the earth

A

solar eclipse

46
Q

the study of God’s creation beyond the atmosphere

A

astronomy

47
Q

a small group of stars that is used to form a picture or represent an object

A

asterism

48
Q

Vega

A

Lyra

49
Q

Sirius

A

Canis Major

50
Q

Spica

A

Virgo

51
Q

Aldebaran

A

Tauruss

52
Q

Castor

A

Gemini

53
Q

Polaris

A

Ursa Minor

54
Q

Betelgeuse

A

Orion

55
Q

Regulus

A

Leo

56
Q

Compare and contrast binary stars, open clusters, and globular clusters.

A

A binary star is a system in which two stars are bound together by gravity; these two stars circle each other in the same way that the moon revolves around the earth.
Open clusters are loose, asymmetrical clumps containing tens to hundreds, and occasionally thousands, of stars.
Globular clusters are tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars that travel outside the boundaries of the Milky Way in unusual orbits around the galaxy’s center.

Earth and Space 101 (12 decks)

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